Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31619795›Full record

ArticleNature2019

Mapping 123 million neonatal, infant and child deaths between 2000 and 2017.

Roy Burstein, Nathaniel J Henry, Michael L Collison, Laurie B Marczak, Amber Sligar, Stefanie Watson, Neal Marquez, Mahdieh Abbasalizad-Farhangi, Masoumeh Abbasi, Foad Abd-Allah and 549 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 149 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
149citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

149 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Variations in Author Gender in Obstetrics Disease Prevalence Literature: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022
    Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
  6. Trial
  7. Article
  8. Urban tree canopy fragmentation and child mortality in low- and middle-income countries.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Observational
  18. Dysregulated Fatty Acid Metabolism in Preeclampsia Among Highland Andeans: Insights Into Adaptive and Maladaptive Placental Metabolic Phenotypes.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2025
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

89 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

559 authors.

Roy Burstein *Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Nathaniel J Henry *Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Michael L CollisonInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Laurie B MarczakInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Amber SligarInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Stefanie WatsonInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Neal MarquezInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Mahdieh Abbasalizad-FarhangiDepartment of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Masoumeh AbbasiKermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Foad Abd-AllahDepartment of Neurology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
Amir AbdoliDepartment of Parasitology and Mycology, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran.
Mohammad AbdollahiThe Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Ibrahim AbdollahpourMultiple Sclerosis Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Rizwan Suliankatchi AbdulkaderDepartment of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Michael R M AbrigoResearch Department, Philippine Institute for Development Studies, Quezon City, The Philippines.
Dilaram AcharyaDepartment of Preventive Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, South Korea.
Oladimeji M AdebayoCollege of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Victor AdekanmbiSchool of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
Davoud AdhamSchool of Health, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil, Iran.
Mahdi AfshariDepartment of Community Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran.
Mohammad AghaaliDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
Keivan AhmadiSchool of Pharmacy, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK.
Mehdi AhmadiEnvironmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
Ehsan AhmadpourDepartment of Parasitology and Mycology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Rushdia AhmedJames P. Grant School of Public Health, Brac University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Chalachew Genet AkalDepartment of Medical Laboratory Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
Joshua O AkinyemiEpidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Fares AlahdabEvidence Based Practice Center, Mayo Clinic Foundation for Medical Education and Research, Rochester, MN, USA.
Noore AlamPrevention Division, Queensland Health, Herston, Queensland, Australia.
Genet Melak AlameneSchool of Health Sciences, Madda Walabu University, Bale Goba, Ethiopia.
Kefyalew Addis AleneInstitute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Mehran AlijanzadehQazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
Cyrus AliniaDepartment of Health Care Management and Economics, Urmia University of Medical Science, Urmia, Iran.
Vahid AlipourHealth Economics Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Syed Mohamed AljunidDepartment of Health Policy and Management, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait.
Mohammed J AlmalkiFaculty of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
Hesham M Al-MekhlafiMedical Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
Khalid AltirkawiKing Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Nelson Alvis-GuzmanResearch Group in Health Economics, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia.
Adeladza Kofi AmegahBiomedical Science, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
Saeed AminiHealth Services Management Department, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
Arianna Maever Loreche AmitDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, The Philippines.
Zohreh AnbariHealth Services Management Department, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
Sofia AndroudiDepartment of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece.
Mina AnjomshoaSocial Determinants of Health Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
Fereshteh AnsariResearch Center for Evidence Based Medicine-Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Carl Abelardo T AntonioDepartment of Health Policy and Administration, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, The Philippines.
Jalal ArablooHealth Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Zohreh ArefiDepartment of Health Promotion and Education, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Olatunde AremuSchool of Health Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK.
Bahram ArmoonSchool of Nursing and Midwifery, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran.
Amit AroraSchool of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia.
Al ArtamanDepartment of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
Anvar AsadiResearch Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Mehran Asadi-AliabadiPreventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Amir Ashraf-GanjoueiMultiple Sclerosis Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Reza AssadiEducation Development Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Bahar AtaeiniaNon-communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Sachin R AtreCenter for Clinical Global Health Education, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Beatriz Paulina Ayala QuintanillaThe Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Martin Amogre AyanoreDepartment of Family and Community Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana.
Samad AzariHealth Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Ebrahim BabaeePreventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Arefeh BabazadehCenter for Infectious Diseases Research, Babol, Iran.
Alaa BadawiPublic Health Risk Sciences Division, Public Health Agency of Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Soghra BagheriKermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Mojtaba BagherzadehDepartment of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
Nafiseh BaheiraeiTissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences Division, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
Abbas BalouchiSchool of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Aleksandra BaracClinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia.
Quique BassatBarcelona Institute for Global Health, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Bernhard T BauneDepartment of Psychiatry, Melbourne Medical School, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Mohsen BayatiHealth Human Resources Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Neeraj BediJazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
Ettore BeghiDepartment of Neuroscience, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy.
Masoud BehzadifarSocial Determinants of Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
Meysam BehzadifarHepatitis Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
Yared Belete BelayPharmacoepidemiology and Social Pharmacy, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
Brent BellInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Michelle L BellSchool of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
Dessalegn Ajema BerbadaDepartment of Public Health, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia.
Robert S BernsteinHubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Natalia V BhattacharjeeInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Suraj BhattaraiLondon School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
Zulfiqar A BhuttaThe Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Ali BijaniSocial Determinants of Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
Somayeh BohlouliDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, Karaj Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran.
Nicholas J K BreitbordeDepartment of Psychology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
Gabrielle BrittonNeuroscience Department, Institute for Scientific Research and High Technology Services, City of Knowledge, Panama.
Annie J BrowneBig Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Sharath Burugina NagarajaDepartment of Community Medicine, Employees' State Insurance Model Hospital, Bangalore, India.
Reinhard BusseDepartment for Health Care Management, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Zahid A ButtSchool of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Josip CarCentre for Population Health Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
Rosario CárdenasDepartment of Population and Health, Metropolitan Autonomous University, Mexico City, Mexico.
Carlos A Castañeda-OrjuelaColombian National Health Observatory, National Institute of Health, Bogota, Colombia.
Ester CerinMary Mackillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Wagaye Fentahun ChanieDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Pranab ChatterjeeDivision of Epidemiology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India.
Dinh-Toi ChuFaculty of Biology, Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, Vietnam.
Cyrus CooperDepartment of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Vera M CostaApplied Molecular Biosciences Unit (UCIBIO), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Koustuv DalalInstitute of Public Health Kalyani, Kalyani, India.
Lalit DandonaInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Rakhi DandonaInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Farah DaoudInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Ahmad DaryaniToxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
Rajat Das GuptaJames P. Grant School of Public Health, Brac University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Ian DavisInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Nicole Davis WeaverInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Dragos Virgil DavitoiuDepartment of General Surgery, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.
Jan-Walter De NeveHeidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
Feleke Mekonnen DemekeBahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
Gebre Teklemariam DemozSchool of Pharmacy, Aksum University, Aksum, Ethiopia.
Kebede DeribeSchool of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Rupak DesaiDivision of Cardiology, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA.
Aniruddha DeshpandeInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Hanna Demelash DesyibelewPublic Health Nutrition, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
Sagnik DeyCentre for Atmospheric Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India.
Samath Dhamminda DharmaratneInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Meghnath DhimalHealth Research Section, Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Daniel DiazCenter of Complexity Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico.
Leila DoshmangirDepartment of Health Policy and Economy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Andre R DuraesSchool of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.
Laura Dwyer-LindgrenInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Lucas EarlInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Roya EbrahimiEnvironmental Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
Soheil EbrahimpourCenter for Infectious Diseases Research, Babol, Iran.
Andem EffiongClinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
Aziz EftekhariDepartment of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Elham Ehsani-ChimehNational Institute for Health Researchers, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Iman El SayedMedical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
Maysaa El Sayed ZakiDepartment of Clinical Pathology, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
Maha El TantawiPediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
Ziad El-KhatibDepartment of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Mohammad Hassan EmamianOphthalmic Epidemiology Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
Shymaa EnanyDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
Sharareh EskandariehMultiple Sclerosis Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Oghenowede EyawoEpidemiology and Population Health, British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Maha EzalarabInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Mahbobeh FaramarziBabol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
Mohammad FareedCollege of Medicine, Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Roghiyeh FaridniaDepartment of Parasitology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
Andre FaroDepartment of Psychology, Federal University of Sergipe, Sao Cristovao, Brazil.
Ali Akbar FazaeliSocial Determinants of Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
Mehdi FazlzadehEnvironmental Health Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Netsanet FentahunDepartment of Public Health Nutrition, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
Seyed-Mohammad FereshtehnejadDepartment of Neurobiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
João C FernandesCenter for Biotechnology and Fine Chemistry, Catholic University of Portugal, Porto, Portugal.
Irina FilipPsychiatry Department, Kaiser Permanente, Fontana, CA, USA.
Florian FischerDepartment of Public Health Medicine, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.
Nataliya A FoigtInstitute of Gerontology, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine.
Masoud ForoutanAbadan School of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran.
Joel Msafiri FrancisClinical Medicine and Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Takeshi FukumotoGene Expression & Regulation Program, Cancer Institute (W.I.A.), Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Nancy FullmanInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Silvano GallusDepartment of Environmental Health Science, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy.
Destallem Gebremedhin GebreMekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
Tsegaye Tewelde GebrehiwotDepartment of Epidemiology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
Gebreamlak Gebremedhn GebremeskelSchool of Nursing, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
Bradford D GessnerVaccines Department, Pfizer, Collegeville, PA, USA.
Birhanu GetaDepartment of Pharmacy, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia.
Peter W GethingBig Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Reza GhadimiHealth Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
Keyghobad GhadiriKermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Mahsa GhajarzadehDepartment of Neurology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Ahmad GhashghaeeDepartment of Health Services Management, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Paramjit Singh GillUnit of Academic Primary Care, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
Tiffany K GillAdelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Nick GoldingSchool of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Nelson G M GomesDepartment of Chemistry, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Philimon N GonaNursing and Health Sciences Department, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA.
Sameer Vali GopalaniDepartment of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
Giuseppe GoriniOccupational and Environmental Epidemiology Section, Cancer Prevention and Research Institute, Florence, Italy.
Bárbara Niegia Garcia GoulartPostgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Nicholas GraetzInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Felix GreavesDepartment of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Manfred S GreenSchool of Public Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
Yuming GuoSchool of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Arvin Haj-MirzaianDepartment of Pharmacology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Arya Haj-MirzaianDepartment of Pharmacology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Brian James HallGlobal and Community Mental Health Research Group, University of Macau, Macao, China.
Samer HamidiSchool of Health and Environmental Studies, Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
Hamidreza HaririanTabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Josep Maria HaroBiomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.
Milad HasankhaniSchool of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Edris HasanpoorHealthcare Management, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran.
Amir HasanzadehDepartment of Microbiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Hadi HassankhaniSchool of Nursing and Midwifery Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Hamid Yimam HassenPublic Health Department, Mizan-Tepi University, Teppi, Ethiopia.
Mohamed I HegazyDepartment of Neurology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
Delia HendrieSchool of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia.
Fatemeh HeydarpourMedical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Thomas R HirdSchool of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Chi Linh HoangCenter of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam.
Gillian HollerichInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Enayatollah Homaie RadSocial Determinants of Health Research Center, Guilan Road Trauma Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
Mojtaba Hoseini-GhahfarokhiRadiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Naznin HossainHealth Systems and Population Studies Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Mostafa HosseiniDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Mehdi HosseinzadehHealth Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Mihaela HostiucDepartment of General Surgery, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.
Sorin HostiucFaculty of Dentistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.
Mowafa HousehDivision of Information and Computing Technology, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar.
Mohamed HsairiFaculty of Medicine Tunis, Medicine School of Tunis, Baab Saadoun, Tunisia.
Olayinka Stephen IlesanmiDepartment of Community Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Mohammad Hasan Imani-NasabDepartment of Public Health, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
Usman IqbalGlobal Health and Development Department, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan.
Seyed Sina Naghibi IrvaniResearch Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Nazrul IslamMRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Sheikh Mohammed Shariful IslamInstitute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia.
Mikk JürissonInstitute of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
Nader Jafari BalalamiPsychosis Department, Babol Nushirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran.
Amir JalaliPsychiatric Department, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Javad JavidniaDepartment of Medical Mycology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
Achala Upendra JayatillekeFaculty of Graduate Studies, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
Ensiyeh JenabiSchool of Midwifery, A.T. Still University, Mesa, AZ, USA.
John S JiEnvironmental Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, China.
Yash B JobanputraDepartment of Medicine, University of Miami, Atlantis, FL, USA.
Kimberly JohnsonInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Jost B JonasDepartment of Ophthalmology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
Zahra Jorjoran ShushtariSocial Determinants of Health Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Jacek Jerzy JozwiakFaculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Opole, Opole, Poland.
Ali KabirMinimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Amaha KahsayDepartment of Nutrition and Dietetics, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
Hamed KalaniMazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
Rohollah KalhorSocial Determinants of Health Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
Manoochehr KaramiDepartment of Epidemiology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
Surendra KarkiResearch and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Amir KasaeianHematologic Malignancies Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Nicholas J KassebaumInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Peter Njenga KeiyoroOdel Campus, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.
Grant Rodgers KempInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Roghayeh KhabiriTabriz Health Management Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Yousef Saleh KhaderDepartment of Public Health and Community Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Ramtha, Jordan.
Morteza Abdullatif KhafaieSocial Determinants of Health Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
Ejaz Ahmad KhanEpidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Health Services Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Junaid KhanPopulation Studies, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India.
Muhammad Shahzeb KhanDepartment of Internal Medicine, John H. Stroger Jr Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, IL, USA.
Young-Ho KhangInstitute of Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
Khaled KhatabFaculty of Health and Wellbeing, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK.
Amir KhaterInternal Medicine and Gastroenterology Department, National Hepatology and Tropical Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt.
Mona M KhaterDepartment of Medical Parasitology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
Alireza KhatonyKermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Mohammad KhazaeiDepartment of Environmental Health Engineering, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
Salman KhazaeiDepartment of Epidemiology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
Maryam Khazaei-PoolDepartment of Public Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
Jagdish KhubchandaniDepartment of Nutrition and Health Science, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, USA.
Neda KianipourKermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Yun Jin KimSchool of Medicine, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Malaysia.
Ruth W KimokotiDepartment of Nutrition, Simmons College, Boston, MA, USA.
Damaris K KinyokiInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Adnan KisaDepartment of Health Management and Health Economics, Kristiania University College, Oslo, Norway.
Sezer KisaNursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway.
Tufa KololaDepartment of Public Health, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia.
Soewarta KosenIndependent Consultant, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Parvaiz A KoulDepartment of Internal and Pulmonary Medicine, Sheri Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India.
Ai KoyanagiCatalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.
Moritz U G KraemerDepartment of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Kewal KrishanDepartment of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
Kris J KrohnInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Nuworza KugbeyFamily and Community Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana.
G Anil KumarPublic Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India.
Manasi KumarDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.
Pushpendra KumarInternational Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India.
Desmond KuupielDepartment of Public Health Medicine, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
Ben LaceyNuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Sheetal D LadDepartment of Pediatrics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
Faris Hasan LamiDepartment of Community and Family Medicine, Academy of Medical Science, Baghdad, Iraq.
Anders O LarssonDepartment of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Paul H LeeSchool of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
Mostafa LeiliDepartment of Environmental Health Engineering, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
Aubrey J LevineInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Shanshan LiSchool of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Lee-Ling LimDepartment of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Stefan ListlDepartment of Dentistry, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Joshua LongbottomDepartment of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK.
Jaifred Christian F LopezDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, The Philippines.
Stefan LorkowskiInstitute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.
Sameh MagdeldinPhysiology Department, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
Hassan Magdy Abd El RazekDepartment of Cardiology, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt.
Muhammed Magdy Abd El RazekOphthalmology Department, Aswan Faculty of Medicine, Aswan, Egypt.
Azeem MajeedDepartment of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Afshin MalekiEnvironmental Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
Reza MalekzadehDigestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Deborah Carvalho MaltaDepartment of Maternal and Child Nursing and Public Health, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
Abdullah A MamunInstitute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Navid ManafiOphthalmology Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Ana-Laura MandaSurgery Department, Emergency University Hospital Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.
Morteza MansourianDepartment of Health Education and Health Promotion, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Francisco Rogerlândio Martins-MeloCampus Caucaia, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Ceará, Caucaia, Brazil.
Anthony MasakaFaculty of Health and Education, Botho University-Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana.
Benjamin Ballard MassenburgDivision of Plastic Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Pallab K MaulikSchool of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Benjamin K MayalaInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Mohsen MazidiDepartment of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Martin McKeeDepartment of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
Ravi MehrotraPreventive Oncology Department, National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, India.
Kala M MehtaDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Gebrekiros Gebremichael MelesDepartment of Public Health, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia.
Walter MendozaPeru Country Office, United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), Lima, Peru.
Ritesh G MenezesForensic Medicine Division, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
Atte MeretojaNeurocenter, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
Tuomo J MeretojaBreast Surgery Unit, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
Tomislav MestrovicClinical Microbiology and Parasitology Unit, Dr Zora Profozic Polyclinic, Zagreb, Croatia.
Ted R MillerSchool of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia.
Molly K Miller-PetrieInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Edward J MillsHealth, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
George J MilneDepartment of Computer Science and Software Engineering, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
G K MiniDepartment of Public Health, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, India.
Seyed Mostafa MirDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
Hamed MirjalaliFoodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Erkin M MirrakhimovFaculty of General Medicine, Kyrgyz State Medical Academy, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.
Efat MohamadiHealth Equity Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Dara K MohammadDepartment of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Aso Mohammad DarweshInformation Technology Department, University of Human Development, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq.
Naser Mohammad Gholi MezerjiDepartment of Biostatistics, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
Ammas Siraj MohammedSchool of Pharmacy, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia.
Shafiu MohammedInstitute of Public Health, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
Ali H MokdadInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Mariam MolokhiaFaculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
Lorenzo MonastaClinical Epidemiology and Public Health Research Unit, Burlo Garofolo Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Trieste, Italy.
Yoshan MoodleyDepartment of Public Health Medicine, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
Mahmood MoosazadehHealth Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
Ghobad MoradiDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
Masoud MoradiKermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Yousef MoradiDepartment of Epidemiology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Maziar Moradi-LakehPreventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Mehdi MoradinazarResearch Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Paula MoragaDepartment of Mathematical Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, UK.
Lidia MorawskaInternational Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Abbas MosapourDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
Seyyed Meysam MousaviDepartment of Health Management and Economics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Ulrich Otto MuellerFederal Institute for Population Research, Wiesbaden, Germany.
Atalay Goshu MulunehDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Ghulam MustafaDepartment of Pediatric Medicine, Nishtar Medical University, Multan, Pakistan.
Behnam NabavizadehDepartment of Urology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Mehdi NaderiOperating Room Department, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Ahamarshan Jayaraman NagarajanResearch and Analytics, Initiative for Financing Health and Human Development, Chennai, India.
Azin NahvijouCancer Research Center of Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Farid NajafiDepartment of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Vinay NangiaSuraj Eye Institute, Nagpur, India.
Duduzile Edith NdwandweCochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.
Nahid NeamatiDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
Ionut NegoiEmergency Hospital of Bucharest, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.
Ruxandra Irina NegoiAnatomy and Embryology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.
Josephine W NgunjiriDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Embu, Embu, Kenya.
Huong Lan Thi NguyenInstitute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
Long Hoang NguyenCenter for Excellence in Behavioral Health, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam.
Son Hoang NguyenCenter for Excellence in Behavioral Health, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam.
Katie R NielsenGlobal Health Department, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Mehdi NorooziUniversity of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Shirin NosratnejadDepartment of Health Economics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Jean Jacques NoubiapDepartment of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Soraya Nouraei MotlaghDepartment of Public Health, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
Richard Ofori-AsensoCentre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Felix Akpojene OgboTranslational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia.
Kelechi E OladimejiDepartment of Public Health Medicine, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
Andrew T OlagunjuDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Meysam OlfatifarGastroenterology and Liver Disease Research Center, A.C.S. Medical College and Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
Solomon OlumDepartment of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, Gulu University, Gulu, Uganda.
Bolajoko Olubukunola OlusanyaCentre for Healthy Start Initiative, Lagos, Nigeria.
Mojisola Morenike OluwasanuDepartment of Health Promotion and Education, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Obinna E OnwujekweDepartment of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria.
Eyal OrenUniversity of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Doris D V Ortega-AltamiranoCenter for Health Systems Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico.
Alberto OrtizSchool of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Osayomwanbo OsarenotorEnvironmental Management and Toxicology, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.
Frank B OseiFaculty of Geoinformation Science and Earth Observation, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
Aaron E Osgood-ZimmermanInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Stanislav S OtstavnovAnalytical Center, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia.
Mayowa Ojo OwolabiInstitute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Mahesh P ADepartment of Tb & Respiratory Medicine, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University, Mysore, India.
Abdol Sattar PaghehToxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
Smita PakhaleDepartment of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Songhomitra Panda-JonasHeidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
Animika PandeyPublic Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India.
Eun-Kee ParkDepartment of Medical Humanities and Social Medicine, Kosin University, Busan, South Korea.
Hadi ParsianDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
Tahereh PashaeiEnvironmental Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
Sangram Kishor PatelResearch and Evaluation, Population Council, New Delhi, India.
Veincent Christian Filipino PepitoCenter for Research and Innovation, Ateneo De Manila University, Pasig City, The Philippines.
Alexandre PereiraDepartment of Genetics, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
Samantha PerkinsInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Brandon V PickeringInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Thomas PilgrimDepartment of Cardiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Majid PirestaniParasitology and Entomology Department, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
Bakhtiar PirooziSocial Determinants of Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
Meghdad PirsahebKermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Oleguer Plana-RipollNational Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Hadi PourjafarDepartment of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran.
Parul PuriInternational Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India.
Mostafa QorbaniNon-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
Hedley QuintanaGorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama, Panama.
Mohammad RabieeBiomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
Navid RabieeDepartment of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
Amir RadfarCollege of Graduate Health Sciences, A.T. Still University, Mesa, AZ, USA.
Alireza RafieiMolecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
Fakher RahimEndocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Zohreh RahimiDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Vafa Rahimi-MovagharSina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Shadi RahimzadehNon-communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Fatemeh RajatiDepartment of Health Education & Promotion, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Sree Bhushan RajuDepartment of Nephrology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India.
Azra RamezankhaniPrevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Chhabi Lal RanabhatPolicy Research Institute, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Davide RasellaInstitute of Public Health, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.
Vahid RashediSchool of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Lal RawalSchool of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia.
Robert C ReinerInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Andre M N RenzahoSchool of Social Sciences and Psychology, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia.
Satar RezaeiResearch Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Aziz RezapourHealth Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Seyed Mohammad RiahiDepartment of Epidemiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Ana Isabel RibeiroEPIUnit, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Leonardo RoeverDepartment of Clinical Research, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil.
Elias Merdassa RoroPublic Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Max RoserMartin School, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Gholamreza RoshandelDigestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Daem RoshaniEpidemiology and Biostatistics, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
Ali RostamiInfectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
Enrico RubagottiSchool of Biotechnology, Ikiam Amazon Regional University, Tena, Ecuador.
Salvatore RubinoDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
Siamak SabourDepartment of Epidemiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Nafis SadatInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Ehsan SadeghiResearch Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Reza SaeediDepartment of Health, Safety and Environment (HSE), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Yahya SafariKermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Roya Safari-FaramaniFaculty of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Mahdi SafdarianSina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Amirhossein SahebkarNeurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Mohammad Reza SalahshoorDepartment of Anatomical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Nasir SalamDepartment of Pathology, Al-Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Payman SalamatiSina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Farkhonde SalehiTaleghani Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Saleh Salehi ZahabiDepartment of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Yahya SalimiDepartment of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Hamideh SalimzadehDigestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Joshua A SalomonCenter for Health Policy & Center for Primary Care and Outcomes Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Evanson Zondani SambalaCochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.
Abdallah M SamyDepartment of Entomology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
Milena M Santric MilicevicCentre School of Public Health and Health Management, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
Bruno Piassi Sao JosePost-graduate Program in Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer SaraswathyDepartment of Community Medicine, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Coimbatore, India.
Rodrigo Sarmiento-SuárezDepartment of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Applied and Environmental Sciences, Bogotá, Colombia.
Benn SartoriusDepartment of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Brijesh SathianSurgery Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
Sonia SaxenaSchool of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Alyssa N SbarraInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Lauren E SchaefferInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
David C SchwebelDepartment of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
Sadaf G SepanlouDigestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Seyedmojtaba SeyedmousaviCenter of Expertise in Microbiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Faramarz ShaahmadiDepartment of Health Promotion and Education, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
Masood Ali ShaikhIndependent Consultant, Karachi, Pakistan.
Mehran Shams-BeyranvandNon-communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Amir ShamshirianMedical Laboratory Sciences, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
Morteza ShamsizadehChronic Diseases (Home Care) Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
Kiomars SharafiKermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Mehdi SharifDepartment of Laboratory Sciences, Karaj Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran.
Mahdi Sharif-AlhoseiniSina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Hamid SharifiHIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Jayendra SharmaPolicy and Planning Division, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Rajesh SharmaUniversity School of Management and Entrepreneurship, Delhi Technological University, New Delhi, India.
Aziz SheikhDivision of General Internal Medicine and Primary Care, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
Chloe ShieldsInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Mika ShigematsuNational Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.
Rahman ShiriFinnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland.
Ivy ShiueInstitute of Medical Epidemiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.
Kerem ShuvalSchool of Public Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
Tariq J SiddiqiDepartment of Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
João Pedro SilvaApplied Molecular Biosciences Unit (UCIBIO), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Jasvinder A SinghDepartment of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
Dhirendra Narain SinhaDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Preventive Oncology, Patna, India.
Malede Mequanent SisayDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Solomon SisayMedical Division, German Leprosy and TB Relief Association Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Karen SliwaDepartment of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
David L SmithInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Ranjani SomayajiDepartment of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Moslem SoofiSocial Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Joan B SorianoHospital Universitario de la Princesa, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Chandrashekhar T SreeramareddyDivision of Community Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Agus SudaryantoDepartment of Nursing, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta, Kartasura, Indonesia.
Mu'awiyyah Babale SufiyanDepartment of Community Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
Bryan L SykesDepartment of Criminology, Law and Society, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
P N SylajaNeurology Department, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, India.
Rafael Tabarés-SeisdedosCarlos III Health Institute, Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.
Karen M TabbSchool of Social Work, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.
Takahiro TabuchiCancer Control Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan.
Nuno TaveiraUniversity Institute 'Egas Moniz', Monte Da Caparica, Portugal.
Mohamad-Hani TemsahDepartment of Pediatrics, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Abdullah Sulieman TerkawiAnesthesiology Department, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
Zemenu Tadesse TessemaDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Kavumpurathu Raman ThankappanDepartment of Public Health and Community Medicine, Central University Kerala, Kasaragod, India.
Sathish ThirunavukkarasuNanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
Quyen G ToSchool of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Marcos Roberto Tovani-PaloneDepartment of Pathology and Legal Medicine, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Bach Xuan TranDepartment of Health Economics, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
Khanh Bao TranDepartment of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
Irfan UllahGomal Center of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan.
Muhammad Shariq UsmanDepartment of Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
Olalekan A UthmanDivision of Health Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
Amir Vahedian-AzimiDepartment of Education and Health, Trauma Research Center, Tehran, Iran.
Pascual R ValdezArgentine Society of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Job F M van BovenUniversity Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Tommi Juhani VasankariUkk Institute, Tampere, Finland.
Yasser VasseghianResearch Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Yousef VeisaniPsychosocial Injuries Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
Narayanaswamy VenketasubramanianRaffles Neuroscience Centre, Raffles Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
Francesco S ViolanteDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Sergey Konstantinovitch VladimirovDepartment of Information Technologies and Management, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia.
Vasily VlassovDepartment of Health Care Administration and Economy, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia.
Theo VosInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Giang Thu VuCenter of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam.
Isidora S VujcicFaculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
Yasir WaheedFoundation University Medical College, Foundation University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
Jon WakefieldDepartment of Statistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Haidong WangInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Yafeng WangDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
Yuan-Pang WangDepartment of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Joseph L WardInstitute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.
Robert G WeintraubCardiology Department, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Tomohide YamadaDepartment of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Vahid Yazdi-FeyzabadiDepartment of Health Management, Policy and Economics, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Christopher Sabo YilgwanDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria.
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Naohiro YonemotoDepartment of Psychopharmacology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.
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Mustafa Z YounisHealth Economics & Finance, Global Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, USA.
Mahmoud YousefifardPrevention of Cardiovascular Disease Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Hebat-Allah Salah A YousofMedical Parasitology Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
Chuanhua YuDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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Erfan ZabehDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
Telma Zahirian MoghadamHealth Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Sojib Bin ZamanMaternal and Child Health Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Mohammad ZamaniStudent Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
Hamed ZandianSocial Determinants of Health Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil, Iran.
Alireza ZangenehSocial Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Taddese Alemu ZerfuMaternal and Child Wellbeing Unit, African Population Health Research Centre, Nairobi, Kenya.
Yunquan ZhangDepartment of Preventative Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
Arash ZiapourDepartment of Health Education and Health Promotion, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Sanjay ZodpeyIndian Institute of Public Health, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India.
Christopher J L MurrayInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Simon I HayInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. sihay@uw.edu.

Funding

GRADUATE TRAINING IN DEMOGRAPHYT32HD007242 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI MICHEL GUILLOT · 1985 to 2026
$6.6M
Mapping impact and developing mitigation strategies for climate change-mental health nexus in the context of vulnerable adolescent populations in KenyaK43TW010716 · FIC · UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI · PI KUMAR, MANASI · 2018 to 2022
$648k
FIC NIH HHS K43 TW010716Medical Research Council G0400491Medical Research Council MC_U147585819Medical Research Council MC_U147585824Medical Research Council MC_U147585827Medical Research Council MC_UP_A620_1014Medical Research Council MC_UU_12011/1Medical Research Council MR/R00160X/1NICHD NIH HHS T32 HD007242Wellcome Trust 109949/Z/15/ZWellcome Trust 201900/Z/16/Z
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Since 2000, many countries have achieved considerable success in improving child survival, but localized progress remains unclear. To inform efforts towards United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 3.2-to end preventable child deaths by 2030-we need consistently estimated data at the subnational level regarding child mortality rates and trends. Here we quantified, for the period 2000-2017, the subnational variation in mortality rates and number of deaths of neonates, infants and children under 5 years of age within 99 low- and middle-income countries using a geostatistical survival model. We estimated that 32% of children under 5 in these countries lived in districts that had attained rates of 25 or fewer child deaths per 1,000 live births by 2017, and that 58% of child deaths between 2000 and 2017 in these countries could have been averted in the absence of geographical inequality. This study enables the identification of high-mortality clusters, patterns of progress and geographical inequalities to inform appropriate investments and implementations that will help to improve the health of all populations.

Indexed as

ChildChild MortalityGeographyGlobal HealthHumansInfantInfant MortalityInfant, NewbornOrganizational ObjectivesPublic HealthSocioeconomic FactorsUnited Nations

Identifiers

PMID31619795
PMCPMC6800389

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