SynthesisBMJ open2019
Impact of non-menthol flavours in e-cigarettes on perceptions and use: an updated systematic review.
Synthesis in BMJ open, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The impacts of e-cigarette flavours: An overview of systematic reviews.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2025Pooled it
- Flavour capsule cigarette use and perceptions: a systematic review.Tobacco control · 2023Pooled it
- The Role of Nicotine and Flavor in the Abuse Potential and Appeal of Electronic Cigarettes for Adult Current and Former Cigarette and Electronic Cigarette Users: A Systematic Review.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Reporting and methodological quality of systematic literature reviews evaluating the associations between e-cigarette use and cigarette smoking behaviors: a systematic quality review.Harm reduction journal · 2021Pooled it
- Electronic cigarette use, related health outcomes and policy interventions in the USA: a call for research to fill evidence gaps.Tobacco control · 2026Review
- Tobacco marketing and youth perceptions: connections between industry tactics and beliefs about harm and addiction among those under 21.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2026Article
- Availability, appeal, and addictiveness by design: Tobacco and nicotine industry deliberate targeting of youth.PLoS medicine · 2026Article
- Toxicity and Appeal of Flavoured E-Cigarettes and Flavour Ban Outcomes: A Narrative Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Review
- Perception of e-cigarette as a harmful product delays initiation by two years among Mexican students aged 14-29 years.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Observational
- State-Level Flavored E-Cigarette Bans and Initiation Rates Among Youths and Adults.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Sources of electronic cigarette acquisition among school-going adolescents: A cross-sectional analysis of the 2022 National Health and Morbidity Survey - Adolescent Health Survey, Malaysia.Tobacco induced diseases · 2026Article
- Population coverage and comprehensiveness of flavoured tobacco sales restrictions in the USA, 2010-2023.Tobacco control · 2025Article
- Menthol flavour enhances vaping experiences: a randomised crossover clinical trial.Tobacco control · 2025Article
- Ventricular Repolarization in Healthy Young Adults Who Use Combusted Cannabis: A Cross-Sectional Parallel Group Comparison Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Perceptions of and responses of young adults who use e-cigarettes to flavour bans in China: a qualitative study.Tobacco control · 2025Article
- Across the world availability of flavour accessories for tobacco products.Tobacco control · 2025Article
- Does cannabis and electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) use interfere with cigarette smoking cessation in young adulthood?Addictive behaviors · 2025Article
- Marketing claims on the websites of leading e-cigarette brands in England.Tobacco control · 2025Article
- Prevalence and correlates of negative side effects from vaping nicotine: Findings from the 2020 ITC four country smoking and vaping survey.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesGiven the exponential increase in the use of e-cigarettes among younger age groups and in the growth in research on e-cigarette flavours, we conducted a systematic review examining the impact of non-menthol flavoured e-cigarettes on e-cigarette perceptions and use among youth and adults.
designPubMed, Embase, PyscINFO and CINAHL were systematically searched for studies published and indexed through March 2018. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Quantitative observational and experimental studies that assessed the effect of non-menthol flavours in e-cigarettes on perceptions and use behaviours were included. Specific outcome measures assessed are appeal, reasons for use, risk perceptions, susceptibility, intention to try, initiation, preference, current use, quit intentions and cessation. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Three authors independently extracted data related to the impact of flavours in tobacco products. Data from a previous review were then combined with those from the updated review for final analysis. Results were then grouped and analysed by outcome measure.
resultsThe review included 51 articles for synthesis, including 17 published up to 2016 and an additional 34 published between 2016 and 2018. Results indicate that non-menthol flavours in e-cigarettes decrease harm perceptions (five studies) and increase willingness to try and initiation of e-cigarettes (six studies). Among adults, e-cigarette flavours increase product appeal (seven studies) and are a primary reason many adults use the product (five studies). The role of flavoured e-cigarettes on smoking cessation remains unclear (six studies).
conclusionThis review provides summary data on the role of non-menthol flavours in e-cigarette perceptions and use. Consistent evidence shows that flavours attract both youth and adults to use e-cigarettes. Given the clear findings that such flavours increase product appeal, willingness to try and initiation among youth, banning non-menthol flavours in e-cigarettes may reduce youth e-cigarette use. Longitudinal research is needed to examine any role flavours may play in quit behaviours among adults.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.