ArticleJournal of neurodevelopmental disorders2019
Vocabulary comprehension in adults with fragile X syndrome (FXS).
Article in Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Assessing Autism Co-Occurrence in Fragile X Syndrome: Proposing a Preliminary CARS-2 Cut-Off Score.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2025Article
- Language Skills Influence Transition Planning in Adolescents With Fragile X Syndrome.American journal on intellectual and developmental disabilities · 2024Article
- Communication in fragile X syndrome: Patterns and implications for assessment and intervention.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Review
- Language across the Lifespan in Fragile X Syndrome: Characteristics and Considerations for Assessment.Brain sciences · 2020Article
- Cascade Testing for Fragile X Syndrome in a Rural Setting in Cameroon (Sub-Saharan Africa).Genes · 2020Article
- Chemogenetic activation of the diaphragm after spinal cord injury in rats.Respiratory physiology & neurobiologyArticle
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundReceptive and expressive vocabulary in adult and adolescent males with fragile X syndrome (FXS) have been shown as significantly lower than their chronological age; however, receptive vocabulary has been considered a strength relative to mental age. This has not been formally examined, however, and data are needed to compare receptive vocabulary with other language skills and with mental age in individuals with FXS. This is especially important as vocabulary measures are sometimes used as a proxy to estimate language ability.
methodsThis preliminary study examined receptive vocabulary, global language, and cognitive skills in 42 adults (33 males and 9 females) with FXS as a portion of the baseline evaluation prior to randomization in a clinical trial of ampakine CX516. The battery of standardized tests addressed receptive vocabulary with the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, Third Edition (PPVT-III), receptive and expressive language (termed henceforth as global language) via the Preschool Language Scale, Fourth Edition or the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals, Third Edition, and non-verbal cognition via the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales, Fourth Edition (SB-IV).
resultsResults showed (1) significantly higher receptive vocabulary than global language, (2) significantly better receptive vocabulary than non-verbal cognition, (3) equivalent non-verbal cognition and global language, and (4) severity of autism symptomatology was not correlated to receptive vocabulary or global language once non-verbal cognition was removed as factor. The scores from the PPVT-III did not represent the global language skills in our sample of adults with FXS.
conclusionsFindings from this investigation strongly suggest that the PPVT-III should not be used as a screening tool for language levels or cognitive function in clinical studies since the scores from the PPVT-III were not representative of global language or non-verbal cognitive skills in adults with intellectual disabilities. This finding is critical in order to understand how to evaluate, as well as to treat, language in individuals with FXS. Development of efficient and appropriate tools to measure language, cognition, and behavior in individuals with FXS is essential.
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