ReviewCancers2019
Microsatellite Instability: Diagnosis, Heterogeneity, Discordance, and Clinical Impact in Colorectal Cancer.
Review in Cancers, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 96 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
96 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 173 citations in OpenAlex.
- Microsatellite instability and mismatch repair deficiency prevalence among Hispanic/Latino individuals with colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of colorectal disease · 2026Pooled it
- Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) clinical practice guideline on immunotherapy for the treatment of gastrointestinal cancer.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2023Guideline
- Tumor microenvironment-aware, single-transcriptome prediction of microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer using meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2022Pooled it
- Clinical benefits of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.World journal of surgical oncology · 2022Pooled it
- Distant Metastasis in Colorectal Cancer Patients-Do We Have New Predicting Clinicopathological and Molecular Biomarkers? A Comprehensive Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Pooled it
- COMMIT: A Randomized Study of mFOLFOX6/Bevacizumab/Atezolizumab or Atezolizumab Alone as First-Line Treatment of Deficient DNA Mismatch Repair Metastatic Colorectal Cancer.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2026Trial
- Review
- Article
- Intratumoral heterogeneity in microsatellite instability status at single-cell resolution.iScience · 2026Article
- An Algorithmic Approach for Quantitative Determination of Microsatellite Status in NGS-Based Cancer Diagnostics.Cancers · 2026Article
- The characteristics of gut microbiota in colorectal cancer with different microsatellite states.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- The resilient subset: cancer stem cells at the core of immunotherapy resistance.Immunotherapy advances · 2026Review
- Characterisation of tumor-infiltrating gamma-delta T cells in human colorectal cancer with MHC-I loss.Clinical & translational immunology · 2026Article
- Precision Medicine in Colorectal Cancer: Targeted Therapies and Biomarker Insights.Current cancer drug targets · 2026Review
- Adjuvant Chemotherapy and Survival in MSI-High Stages II and III Colon Cancer: Impact of Histopathologic Risk Stratification.Annals of surgical oncology · 2025Article
- The clinicopathologic characteristics and tumor immune microenvironment of pulmonary enteric adenocarcinoma.Annals of medicine · 2025Article
- Efficacy of immunotherapy in gastrointestinal (GI) tumors with mismatch repair deficient (MMRd) unusual phenotype: an AGEO real-world study.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
- Molecular Characteristics and Treatment Implications of TP53 Gain-of-Function Mutations in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.Cancer medicine · 2025Article
- Certain pMMR colorectal cancer patients should undergo additional MSI-PCR testing to reduce the risk of misdiagnosing MSI-H and Lynch syndrome.BMC cancer · 2025Article
- S-adenosylmethionine metabolism shapes CD8Cancer & metabolism · 2025Article
36 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Tumor DNA mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency testing is important to the identification of Lynch syndrome and decision making regarding adjuvant chemotherapy in stage II colorectal cancer (CRC) and has become an indispensable test in metastatic tumors due to the high efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) in deficient MMR (dMMR) tumors. CRCs greatly benefit from this testing as approximately 15% of them are dMMR but only 3% to 5% are at a metastatic stage. MMR status can be determined by two different methods, microsatellite instability (MSI) testing on tumor DNA, and immunohistochemistry of the MMR proteins on tumor tissue. Recent studies have reported a rate of 3% to 10% of discordance between these two tests. Moreover, some reports suggest possible intra- and inter-tumoral heterogeneity of MMR and MSI status. These issues are important to know and to clarify in order to define therapeutic strategy in CRC. This review aims to detail the standard techniques used for the determination of MMR and MSI status, along with their advantages and limits. We review the discordances that may arise between these two tests, tumor heterogeneity of MMR and MSI status, and possible explanations. We also discuss the strategies designed to distinguish sporadic versus germline dMMR/MSI CRC. Finally, we present new and accurate methods aimed at determining MMR/MSI status
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.