ArticleTropical medicine and infectious disease2019
Meningococcal Vaccine for Hajj Pilgrims: Compliance, Predictors, and Barriers.
Article in Tropical medicine and infectious disease, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neisseria Meningitidis Carriage Among Hajj and Umrah Pilgrims: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.European journal of medical research · 2025Pooled it
- Mass Gatherings as Amplifiers of Meningococcal Disease: A Modeling Study of Hajj and Umrah.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2026Article
- Nasopharyngeal Carriage of Neisseria meningitidis in 181 Hajj and Umrah Pilgrims in Türkiye: Pre- and Post-Travel Prevalence and Serogroup Distribution n.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2026Observational
- Prevalence and Risk of Meningococcal Disease or Carriage During Mass Gatherings and Associated Travel: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Review
- Respiratory symptom burden, vaccination coverage, and preventive health practices among Sudanese Hajj pilgrims who traveled by sea.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Meningococcal disease within the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Review
- Meningococcal Disease and Immunization Activities in Hajj and Umrah Pilgrimage: a review.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2022Review
- A pragmatic approach to COVID-19 vaccine passport.BMJ global health · 2021Article
- Special Issue: Travel and Tropical Medicine.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2021Article
- A Longitudinal Study Regarding the Health Profile of the 2017 South African Hajj Pilgrims.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- COVID-19 and lessons learned from the pandemic wave of meningococcal meningitis (1985-1990).Sudanese journal of paediatrics · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMajor intercontinental outbreaks of invasive meningococcal disease associated with the Hajj occurred in 1987, 2000, and 2001. Mandatory meningococcal vaccination for all pilgrims against serogroups A and C and, subsequently, A, C, W, and Y controlled the epidemics. Overseas pilgrims show excellent adherence to the policy; however, vaccine uptake among domestic pilgrims is suboptimal. This survey aimed to evaluate meningococcal vaccine uptake among Hajj pilgrims and to identify key factors affecting this.
methodsAn anonymous cross-sectional survey was conducted among pilgrims in Greater Makkah during the Hajj in 2017-2018. Data on socio-demographic characteristics, vaccination status, cost of vaccination, and reasons behind non-receipt of the vaccine were collected.
resultsA total of 509 respondents aged 13 to 82 (median 33.8) years participated in the survey: 86% male, 85% domestic pilgrims. Only 389/476 (81.7%) confirmed their meningococcal vaccination status; 64 individuals (13.4%), all domestic pilgrims, did not receive the vaccine, and 23 (4.8%) were unsure. Among overseas pilgrims, 93.5% certainly received the vaccine (6.5% were unsure) compared to 80.9% of domestic pilgrims (
conclusionMany domestic pilgrims missed the compulsory meningococcal vaccine; in this regard, lack of awareness is a key barrier. Being an overseas pilgrim (or living at a distance from Makkah), receipt of pre-Hajj health advice, and employment were predictors of greater compliance with the vaccination policy. Opportunities remain to reduce the policy-practice gap among domestic pilgrims.
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