ReviewSeminars in cancer biology2021
Repurposing antipsychotics of the diphenylbutylpiperidine class for cancer therapy.
Review in Seminars in cancer biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 83 citations in OpenAlex.
- Canonical and Non-Canonical Antipsychotics' Dopamine-Related Mechanisms of Present and Next Generation Molecules: A Systematic Review on Translational Highlights for Treatment Response and Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- A meta-analysis of the association between post-traumatic stress disorder and cancer risk.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- Repurposing Pimozide as a Geroprotector: Lifespan Extension via SKN-1 Activation and Collagen Remodeling inAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Current clinical applications and future developments of platinum-based anticancer drugs.Journal of biological inorganic chemistry : JBIC : a publication of the Society of Biological Inorganic Chemistry · 2026Article
- Repurposing Antipsychotics in Cancer Therapy: Modulation of Autophagy Mechanisms.Clinical drug investigation · 2026Review
- Cell-based screen identifies translation state modulators that extend lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2026Article
- Pimozide Inhibits CatSper Activity, Impairs Hyperactivation and the Acrosome Reaction in Human Spermatozoa.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- From Antipsychotic to Antitumor Agent: Cariprazine Suppresses Glioblastoma via D2/D3-ARRB2 Axis Modulation.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway in schizophrenia (Review).Biomedical reports · 2026Review
- Discovery of novel repurposed anthelminthics againstCurrent research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2026Article
- Association of antipsychotic drug target genes and risk of lung cancer: a Mendelian randomization study.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Peroxisomal lipid metabolism inhibits Pimozide-induced cancer cell death by regulating ATP homeostasis.Oncogenesis · 2025Article
- Drug repositioning: examining antipsychotic drugs and their anticancer effects.Daru : journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences · 2025Review
- Repurposed Antipsychotics as Potential Anticancer Agents: Clozapine Efficacy and Dopaminergic Pathways in Neuroblastoma and Glioblastoma.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Repurposing of nervous system drugs for cancer treatment: recent advances, challenges, and future perspectives.Discover oncology · 2025Review
- Calcium channels as pharmacological targets for cancer therapy.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2025Review
- Anticancer effect of the antipsychotic agent penfluridol on epithelial ovarian cancer.Journal of gynecologic oncology · 2025Article
- Article
- Neuroscience of cancer: unraveling the complex interplay between the nervous system, the tumor and the tumor immune microenvironment.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- Anti-neoplastic effects of the antipsychotic drug penfluridol in preclinical prostate cancer models.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The recent development of high throughput compound screening has allowed drug repurposing to emerge as an effective avenue for discovering novel treatments for cancer. FDA-approved antipsychotic drugs fluspirilene, penfluridol, and pimozide are clinically used for the treatment of psychotic disorders, primarily schizophrenia. These compounds, belong to diphenylbutylpiperidine class of antipsychotic drugs, are the potent inhibitors of dopamine D2 receptor and calcium channel. A correlation has been found that patients treated for schizophrenia have lower incidences of certain types of cancer, such as respiratory, prostate, and bladder cancers. These compounds have also been shown to inhibit cancer proliferation in a variety of cancer cells, including melanoma, lung carcinoma, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, glioma, and prostate cancer, among others. Antipsychotic drugs induce apoptosis and suppress metastasis in in vitro and in vivo models through mechanisms involving p53, STAT3, STAT5, protein phosphatase 2A, cholesterol homeostasis, integrins, autophagy, USP1, wnt/β-catenin signaling, and DNA repair. Additionally, pre-clinical evidence suggests that penfluridol and pimozide act synergistically with existing chemotherapeutic agents, such as dasatinib, temozolomide, and cisplatin. Some studies have also reported that the cytotoxic activity of the antipsychotics is selective for dividing cells. Based on this growing body of evidence and the availability and previous FDA-approval of the drugs, the compounds appear to be promising anti-cancer agents.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.