Trial reportClinical and experimental immunology2020
Serum immunoglobulin free light chain levels in systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases.
Trial report in Clinical and experimental immunology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- The NF-κB Signalling Pathway: Mechanisms, Consequences and Therapeutic Targets.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Antiphospholipid Syndrome-Diagnostic and Methodologic Approach.Metabolites · 2025Review
- Distinct Biomarker Profiles of B-Cell Activation in Metabolic and Viral Hepatic Fibrosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Protective effects of Catalpol to attenuate TNF- α and collagen-induced inflammation in vitro HFLS-RA cells and in vivo mice models for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.Clinical rheumatology · 2025Article
- Comparative analysis ofFrontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- MGCS: where do we stand today?Hematology. American Society of Hematology. Education Program · 2024Review
- Serum Neurofilament and Free Light Chain Levels in Patients Undergoing Treatment for Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Serological and Molecular Characterization of Hepatitis C Virus-Related Cryoglobulinemic Vasculitis in Patients without Cryoprecipitate.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Free Light ChainsInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Nuclear Factor-κB is a Prime Candidate for the Diagnosis and Control of Inflammatory Cardiovascular Disease.European cardiology · 2023Review
- Novel Biomarkers of Inflammation for the Management of Diabetes: Immunoglobulin-Free Light Chains.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Targeting Inflammation in the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases.Global heart · 2022Review
- Estimation of the time of death by measuring the variation of lateral cerebral ventricle volume and cerebrospinal fluid radiodensity using postmortem computed tomography.International journal of legal medicine · 2021Article
- Solving the mystery of HBV-related mixed cryoglobulinemia: potential biomarkers of disease progression.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2021Article
- Serum and urine free light chains measurements in patients with systemic sclerosis: novel biomarkers for disease activity.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2021Article
- Salivary Biomarkers in COVID-19 Patients: Towards a Wide-Scale Test for Monitoring Disease Activity.Journal of personalized medicine · 2021Article
- Functional Upper Airway Space Endoscopy: A Prognostic Indicator in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Treatment with Mandibular Advancement Devices.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Cryoglobulins: Identification, classification, and novel biomarkers of mysterious proteins.Advances in clinical chemistry · 2021Review
- High κ free light chain is a potential biomarker for double seronegative and ocular myasthenia gravis.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Several reports have highlighted the abnormal increments of serum immunoglobulin free light chains (FLCs) in the course of systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARD), but a comparative analysis among different conditions is still lacking. A strong association between elevated FLC and hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related mixed cryoglobulinaemia (HCVMC) has been well established. Here, we aimed to analyse serum FLC levels in patients with four different SARD in comparison with HCVMC. Using a turbidimetric assay, free κ and λ chains were quantified in sera from 198 SARD patients (37 rheumatoid arthritis, RA; 47 systemic lupus erythematosus, SLE; 52 anti-phospholipid syndrome, APS; 62 primary Sjogren's syndrome, pSS), 62 HCVMC and 50 healthy blood donors (HD). All patient groups showed increased κ levels when compared to HD: 33·5 ± 2·6 mg/l in HCVMC, 26·7 ± 2·3 mg/l in RA, 29·7 ± 1·9 mg/l in SLE, 23·8 ± 1·1 mg/l in APS, 24·2 ± 1·1 mg/l in pSS; 10·1 ± 0·6 mg/l in HD. Free λ levels displayed a significant increase only for HCVMC (20·4 ± 1·4 mg/l) and SLE (18·4 ± 1·0 mg/l) compared to HD (13·6 ± 0·9 mg/l). The increase of κ compared to λ takes into account a κ /λ ratio of 1·6 for all groups. Our results substantially analyse and strengthen the association between FLC and SARD focusing the questions regarding their role in the pathogenesis and diagnosis of human diseases. Unfortunately, the biochemical differences distinguishing normal from pathological FLC have not been identified. Production of different isotypes is probably connected to still-unknown pathways.
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