SynthesisJAMA network open2019
Association of Maternal Lactation With Diabetes and Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Synthesis in JAMA network open, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 72 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
72 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 140 citations in OpenAlex.
- Determinants of early interruption of exclusive breastfeeding: a qualitative meta-synthesis.BMC public health · 2026Pooled it
- Associations Between Unconditional Cash Transfers and Postpartum Outcomes in the United States : A Systematic Review.Annals of internal medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of breastfeeding training programmes for midwives on breastfeeding outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2023Pooled it
- Support for healthy breastfeeding mothers with healthy term babies.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- A randomized controlled trial of the Happy, Healthy, Loved personalized text-message program for new parent couples: impact on breastfeeding self-efficacy and mood.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2024Trial
- Effects of a Novel Infant Formula on Weight Gain, Body Composition, Safety and Tolerability to Infants: The INNOVA 2020 Study.Nutrients · 2022Trial
- The inverted syringe technique for management of inverted nipples in breastfeeding women: a pilot randomized controlled trial.International breastfeeding journal · 2022Trial
- Diabetes Type 2 in Women: The Impact of EndogenousOestrogen, A Population-Based Study With About 2 Decades of Follow-Up.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2026Article
- Feeding Type at 6-12 Months and Early-Life Iron-Related Hematologic Changes in Infants: A Longitudinal Birth Cohort Study.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Cumulative breastfeeding duration and incidence of diabetes in the multiethnic cohort study.Global perspectives on nutrition · 2026Article
- Breastfeeding at discharge or transfer from the maternity hospital: results from the German Perinatal Statistics 2021.International breastfeeding journal · 2026Article
- Lactation Interrupted: PFAS Impact on Capacity to Breastfeed Ignored.Current environmental health reports · 2026Review
- Prolonged breastfeeding and hypertension risk among Kenyan women: exploring the roles of obesity and alcohol consumption.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2026Article
- An Observational Study Protocol for Assessing Lactation Intensity and Reduction in the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome After a Maternal Complication of Pregnancy (LEMON Study).Journal of human lactation : official journal of International Lactation Consultant Association · 2026Observational
- Profiling Sociodemographic Risk Factors and Clinical Outcomes of Women with Endometrial Cancer in Puerto Rico: The Central Role of Obesity and Obstetric Features.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Influence of endogenous estrogen exposure on the development of hypertension in a cohort study using multistate model analysis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Decision-making process of exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months postpartum based on the COM-B model: a multicenter, cross-sectional study in Southeast China.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- The association between breastfeeding and prevalence of metabolic syndrome in women with a previous major pregnancy complication.Frontiers in global women's health · 2026Article
- Addressing maternal cardiovascular risk: The impact of lactation, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and racial disparities.American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice · 2025Article
- Reducing artificial light at night exposure in the urban environment could decrease light pollution-related hypertension in children.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2025Article
12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Importance: Lactation has been shown to be associated with lower rates of diabetes and hypertension in mothers. However, the strength of association has varied between studies, and sample sizes are relatively small. Objective: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine whether lactation is associated with a lower risk of diabetes and hypertension. Data Sources: Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, and CINAHL databases were searched from inception to July 2018 with manual search of the references. Study Selection: Studies of adult women that specified duration of breastfeeding for at least 12 months, evaluated primary hypertension and diabetes as outcomes, were full-text articles in English, and reported statistical outcomes as odds ratios were included. Data Extraction and Synthesis: Study characteristics were independently extracted using a standard spreadsheet template and the data were pooled using the random-effects model. The Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guideline for reporting was followed. Main Outcomes and Measures: Diabetes and hypertension. Results: The search yielded 1558 articles, from which a total of 6 studies met inclusion criteria for association between breastfeeding and diabetes and/or hypertension. The 4 studies included in the meta-analysis for the association between lactation and diabetes had a total of 206 204 participants, and the 5 studies included in the meta-analysis for the association between lactation and hypertension had a total of 255 271 participants. Breastfeeding for more than 12 months was associated with a relative risk reduction of 30% for diabetes (pooled odds ratio, 0.70 [95% CI, 0.62-0.78]; P < .001) and a relative risk reduction of 13% for hypertension (pooled odds ratio, 0.87 [95% CI, 0.78-0.97]; P = .01). Conclusions and Relevance: This study suggests that education about the benefits of breastfeeding for prevention of diabetes and hypertension in women is a low-risk intervention that can be easily included in daily practice and may have a positive impact on cardiovascular outcomes in mothers.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.