ReviewPituitary2020
Aggressive prolactinomas: how to manage?
Review in Pituitary, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- EGFR/ErbB2-Targeting Lapatinib Therapy for Aggressive Prolactinomas.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2021Trial
- Is the somatostatin receptor type 5 expression important in resistant prolactinomas?Pituitary · 2025Article
- Aggressive pituitary tumors and pituitary carcinomas: Definition, management, and overview for clinical practice.Neuro-oncology advances · 2025Article
- An 18-year Odyssey: navigating the complex path of prolactinoma management: a case report.Cardiovascular diabetology. Endocrinology reports · 2025Article
- Developmental pluripotency-associated 4 increases aggressiveness of pituitary neuroendocrine tumors by enhancing cell stemness.Neuro-oncology · 2025Article
- Elucidating Clinical Queries for Tailored Therapy in Patients with Prolactinoma.Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea) · 2024Review
- Successful medical management of a pituitary macroadenoma with features of resistant acromegaly and hyperprolactinemia using pasireotide.Qatar medical journal · 2024Article
- Diagnosis and management of prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas: a Pituitary Society international Consensus Statement.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2023Review
- Approach to the Patient With Prolactinoma.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2023Review
- Current and Perspective Approaches to the Treatment of Prolactinomas.Acta medica Lituanic · 2023Review
- Treatment of Prolactinoma.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Review
- Review
- Dopamine Agonist-Resistant Microprolactinoma-Mechanisms, Predictors and Management: A Case Report and Literature Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Efficacy of temozolomide combined with capecitabine (CAPTEM) on refractory prolactinomas as assessed using an ex vivo 3D spheroid assay.Pituitary · 2022Article
- Temozolomide Nonresponsiveness in Aggressive Prolactinomas and Carcinomas: Management and Outcomes.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2022Article
- Aggressive prolactinoma (Review).Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2022Review
- Aggressive pituitary tumours and pituitary carcinomas.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2021Review
- Galectin-3 and Estrogen Receptor Alpha as Prognostic Markers in Prolactinoma: Preliminary Results From a Pilot Study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Article
- Case Report: Temozolomide Treatment of Refractory Prolactinoma Resistant to Dopamine Agonists.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Article
- Immunotherapy in Corticotroph and Lactotroph Aggressive Tumors and Carcinomas: Two Case Reports and a Review of the Literature.Journal of personalized medicine · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeAggressive prolactinomas are defined as radiologically invasive tumors which cannot be cured by surgery, and that have an unusually rapid rate of tumor growth despite dopamine agonist treatment and surgery. In some cases, metastasis occurs, defining prolactin carcinoma which is the second most frequent pituitary carcinoma.
methodsA literature search was performed to review the available data on the treatment of aggressive pituitary prolactinomas or carcinomas.
resultsWhen optimal standard therapies (high dose cabergoline, surgery and radiotherapy) failed, temozolomide, an alkylating drug, is currently the best option, allowing to control tumor growth in about 50% of treated prolactinomas and improving overall survival of these patients. However, long-term complete response occurs in a limited subgroup of tumors. Alternative drugs could be discussed in a subset of aggressive prolactinomas either before temozolomide (pasireotide, peptide receptor radionuclide therapy…) or after temozolomide failure.
conclusionDespite the significant improvement obtained with the use of temozolomide, a need for alternative drugs persists since a majority of these tumors are resistant or will recur during the follow-up. Patients suffering from such a rare condition should have access to clinical trials available for other types of rare cancers, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors or immunotherapy.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.