Trial reportNicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco2020
Cigarette Smokers Versus Cousers of Cannabis and Cigarettes: Exposure to Toxicants.
Trial report in Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Determining the impact of cannabis use on tobacco cessation: Results from a prospective non-randomized tobacco treatment trial.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2026Article
- Observational
- Association between children's secondhand co-exposure to tobacco and cannabis smoke and elevated urinary cotinine levels: a cross-sectional analysis.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Prevalence and determinants of cigarette-cannabis co-use among US cancer survivors.Journal of cancer survivorship : research and practice · 2025Article
- Secondhand cannabis smoke exposure and respiratory symptoms among adults living in a state with legalized medical cannabis with limited smoke-free protections.Preventive medicine reports · 2024Article
- Biobehavioral and affective stress responses during nicotine withdrawal: Influence of regular cannabis co-use.Psychopharmacology · 2024Article
- Cannabis Use Among Adults in Cigarette Smoking Cessation Treatment in Ontario, Canada: Prevalence and Association With Tobacco Cessation Outcome, 2015-2021.American journal of public health · 2024Article
- Assessment of urinary 6-hydroxy-2,4-cyclohexadienyl mercapturic acid as a novel biomarker of benzene exposure.Journal of analytical toxicology · 2023Article
- A latent class analysis of patterns of tobacco and cannabis use in Australia and their health-related correlates.Drug and alcohol review · 2023Article
- Immediate Switching to Reduced Nicotine Cigarettes in a U.S.-Based Sample: The Impact on Cannabis Use and Related Variables at 20 Weeks.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2023Article
- Determining the impact of cannabis use and severity on tobacco cessation outcomes: study protocol for a prospective tobacco treatment trial.BMC psychology · 2023Article
- Differences between adults who smoke cigarettes daily and do and do not co-use cannabis: Findings from the 2020 ITC four country smoking and vaping survey.Addictive behaviors · 2022Article
- Age-period-cohort analysis of trends in tobacco smoking, cannabis use, and their co-use in the Australian population.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2022Article
- Effects of regular cannabis and nicotine use on acute stress responses: chronic nicotine, but not cannabis use, is associated with blunted adrenocortical and cardiovascular responses to stress.Psychopharmacology · 2022Article
- Cigarette Smokers Versus Cannabis Smokers Versus Co-users of Cigarettes and Cannabis: A Pilot Study Examining Exposure to Toxicants.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2022Article
- Cannabis Use and the Onset of Cigarette and E-cigarette Use: A Prospective, Longitudinal Study Among Youth in the United States.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2021Article
- An Examination of Risk Factors for Tobacco and Cannabis Smoke Exposure in Adolescents Using an Epigenetic Biomarker.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Article
- Acrolein and other toxicant exposures in relation to cardiovascular disease among marijuana and tobacco smokers in a longitudinal cohort of HIV-positive and negative adults.EClinicalMedicine · 2021Article
- Tobacco quitline engagement and outcomes among primary care patients reporting use of tobacco or dual tobacco and cannabis: An observational study.Substance abuse · 2021Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionCannabis and tobacco couse is common and could expose users to higher levels of toxicants. No studies have examined biomarkers of toxicant exposure in cousers of cannabis and cigarettes, compared with cigarette smokers (CS). AIMS AND
methodsAdult daily CS were recruited from 10 US sites for a study of reduced nicotine cigarettes. In this analysis of baseline data, participants were categorized as either cousers of cannabis and tobacco (cousers; N = 167; urine positive for 11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ 9-tetrahydrocannnabinol and self-reported cannabis use ≥1×/week), or CS (N = 911; negative urine and no self-reported cannabis use). Participants who did not meet either definition (N = 172) were excluded. Self-reported tobacco and cannabis use and tobacco and/or combustion-related biomarkers of exposure were compared between groups.
resultsCompared to CS, cousers were younger (couser Mage = 38.96, SD = 13.01; CS Mage = 47.22, SD = 12.72; p < .001) and more likely to be male (cousers = 67.7%, CS = 51.9%, p < .001). There were no group differences in self-reported cigarettes/day, total nicotine equivalents, or breath carbon monoxide, but cousers had greater use of non-cigarette tobacco products. Compared to CS, cousers had higher concentrations of 3-hydroxypropylmercapturic acid, 2-cyanoethylmercapturic acid, S-phenylmercapturic acid, 3-hydroxy-1-methylpropylmercapturic acid (ps < .05), and phenanthrene tetraol (p < .001). No biomarkers were affected by number of cannabis use days/week or days since last cannabis use during baseline (ps > .05).
conclusionsCousers had higher concentrations of biomarkers of exposure than CS, but similar number of cigarettes per day and nicotine exposure. Additional studies are needed to determine whether cannabis and/or alternative tobacco products are driving the increased toxicant exposure. IMPLICATIONS: Cousers of cannabis and tobacco appear to be exposed to greater levels of harmful chemicals (ie, volatile organic compounds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), but similar levels of nicotine as CS. It is unclear if the higher levels of toxicant exposure in cousers are due to cannabis use or the increased use of alternative tobacco products compared with CS. It is important for studies examining biomarkers of exposure among CS to account for cannabis use as it may have a significant impact on outcomes. Additionally, further research is needed examining exposure to harmful chemicals among cannabis users.
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Registered trials
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