Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31616498›Full record

ReviewEuropean endocrinology2019

Male Obesity-related Secondary Hypogonadism - Pathophysiology, Clinical Implications and Management.

Cornelius J Fernandez, Elias C Chacko, Joseph M Pappachan

Open access · diamondAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in European endocrinology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 77 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
77citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
9.1field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

77 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 137 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Effect of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass and Sleeve Gastrectomy on Male Sexual Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2026
    Pooled it
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  4. Guideline
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  8. Review
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  16. New Insight Into Male Infertility: Deviation From Basic Tenets of Life.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2026
    Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Review

17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Cornelius J FernandezDepartment of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Pilgrim Hospital, United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Boston, UK.
Elias C ChackoDepartment of Endocrinology, Jersey General Hospital, St Helier, Jersey.
Joseph M PappachanDepartment of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston, UK.
Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust · GBUnited Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust · GB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The single most significant risk factor for testosterone deficiency in men is obesity. The pathophysiological mechanisms involved in male obesity-related secondary hypogonadism are highly complex. Obesity-induced increase in levels of leptin, insulin, proinflammatory cytokines and oestrogen can cause a functional hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism with the defect present at the level of the hypothalamic gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons. The resulting hypogonadism by itself can worsen obesity, creating a self-perpetuating cycle. Obesity-induced hypogonadism is reversible with substantial weight loss. Lifestyle-measures form the cornerstone of management as they can potentially improve androgen deficiency symptoms irrespective of their effect on testosterone levels. In selected patients, bariatric surgery can reverse the obesity-induced hypogonadism. If these measures fail to relieve symptoms and to normalise testosterone levels, in appropriately selected men, testosterone replacement therapy could be started. Aromatase inhibitors and selective oestrogen receptor modulators are not recommended due to lack of consistent clinical trial-based evidence.

Indexed as

male obesity-related secondary hypogonadismObesitytestosterone replacement therapy

Identifiers

PMID31616498
PMCPMC6785957
OpenAlexW2970628515

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.