ArticleThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2020
Scaffold-Free Endometrial Organoids Respond to Excess Androgens Associated With Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome.
Article in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 71 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
71 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 116 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pretreatment with or without GnRH-agonist before frozen-thawed embryo transfer in patients with PCOS: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of ovarian research · 2024Pooled it
- Bioengineering trends in female reproduction: a systematic review.Human reproduction update · 2022Pooled it
- Effect of metformin versus metformin plus liraglutide on gonadal and metabolic profiles in overweight patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Trial
- From Gene Function to Precision Intervention: CRISPR/Cas9 and Stem Cell-Based Strategies as Emerging Disease-Modifying Approaches in PMOS.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2026Review
- Engineering the human endometrium at the intersection of development and reproduction.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Review
- Organoids: Current Applications and Future Directions.MedComm · 2026Review
- Cardiovascular Disease and Androgens: Clinical Trends, Potential Mechanisms, and Considerations for Engineering Solutions.Cardiovascular engineering and technology · 2026Review
- Organoids: generation strategies, applications, and future challenges.Stem cell research & therapy · 2026Review
- Article
- Three-dimensional patient-derived endometriosis model for drug evaluation.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2026Article
- Equine endometrial organoids preserve tissue structure and cycle-stage transcriptional identity†.Biology of reproduction · 2026Article
- Engineering the Human Endometrial-Embryo Interface: Breakthroughs in 3D Uterine Models.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Functional human salivary gland organoids for tissue regeneration in chemically defined culture systems.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- New models of implantation: towards a whole better than the sum of parts.Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2026Review
- Establishment of mouse endometrial assembloids with luminal epithelial-like structuresZoological research · 2026Article
- Review
- Metabolic profiling of a polycystic ovary syndrome-like organoid model reveals the critical role of glutamine in local endometrial dysregulation related to implantation failure.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Article
- Reproductive fluids, commercial media, and organoids: bridging the gap in IVF culture systems.Human reproduction open · 2026Review
- Inflammasomes meet organoids and artificial intelligence: unraveling the complexity of gynecological inflammation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Advances and challenges of endometrial organoids in modeling endometrial function: basic, clinical, and future perspectives.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Review
11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
contextPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent disorder in reproductive aged women associated with a number of endocrine and metabolic complications, including increased risk of endometrial cancer.
objectiveTo study the effect of the characteristic increased androgen levels in PCOS on the endometrium, a novel scaffold-free multicellular endometrial organoid was established.
designHuman endometrial organoids were constructed using primary endometrial epithelial and stromal cells from endometrial tissues. Organoids were treated for 14 days with physiologic levels of estradiol and testosterone to mimic a normal follicular phase or PCOS hormone profiles. Organoids were harvested for immunostaining and ribonucleic acid sequencing.
settingAcademic institution. PATIENTS: Endometrial tissues from 10 premenopausal women undergoing hysterectomy for benign pathologies were obtained following written consent.
main outcome measuresOrganoid architecture, cell specific markers, functional markers, proliferation, and gene expression were measured.
resultsA method to generate scaffold-free endometrial organoids containing epithelial and stromal cells was established. These organoids exhibited distinct organization with epithelial cells lining the outer surface and stromal cells in the center of the organoids. Epithelial cells were polarized, organoids expressed cell type specific and functional markers, as well as androgen, estrogen, and progesterone receptors. Treatment with PCOS hormones increased cell proliferation and dysregulated genes in endometrial organoids.
conclusionsA new multicellular, scaffold-free endometrial organoid system was established that resembled physiology of the native endometrium. Excess androgens in PCOS promoted cell proliferation in endometrial organoids, revealing new mechanisms of PCOS-associated with risk of endometrial neoplasia.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.