Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31612938›Full record

ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2019

The Invisible Burden: Diagnosing and Combatting Typhoid Fever in Asia and Africa.

Virginia E Pitzer, James Meiring, Frederick P Martineau, Conall H Watson, Gagandeep Kang, Buddha Basnyat, Stephen Baker

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
23citing papers in PubMed
4.6field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

23 citing papers in PubMed, 43 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
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  5. HeterogeneousJournal of medical microbiology · 2025
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  18. AMicroorganisms · 2021
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 6 institutions in 5 countries.

Virginia E PitzerDepartment of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
James MeiringOxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, and the National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, United Kingdom.
Frederick P MartineauDepartment of Global Health and Development and, United Kingdom.
Conall H WatsonDepartment of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom.
Gagandeep KangTranslational Health Sciences Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India.
Buddha BasnyatCentre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
Stephen BakerHospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine · GBNational Institute for Health Research · GBTranslational Health Science and Technology Institute · INUniversity of Cambridge · GBUniversity of Oxford · GBYale University · US

Funding

Medical Research Council MR/J003999/1Wellcome TrustWellcome Trust 102919/Z/13/ZWellcome Trust 106158/Z/14/Z
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Measuring the burden of typhoid fever and developing effective strategies to reduce it require a surveillance infrastructure that is currently lacking in many endemic countries. Recent efforts and partnerships between local and international researchers have helped to provide new data on the incidence and control of typhoid in parts of Asia and Africa. Here, we highlight examples from India, Nepal, Vietnam, Fiji, Sierra Leone, and Malawi that summarize past and present experiences with the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of typhoid fever in different locations with endemic disease. While there is no validated road map for the elimination of typhoid, the lessons learned in studying the epidemiology and control of typhoid in these settings can provide insights to guide future disease control efforts.

Indexed as

Cost of IllnessAfricaAsiaCommunicable Disease ControlEndemic DiseasesEpidemiological MonitoringHumansIncidenceSalmonella paratyphi ASalmonella typhiTyphoid FeverTyphoid-Paratyphoid VaccinesTyphoid-Paratyphoid Vaccinesblood cultureenteric feverparatyphoidSalmonella Typhisurveillance

Identifiers

PMID31612938
PMCPMC6792124
OpenAlexW2980976848

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.