ArticleMediators of inflammation2019
Altered Toll-Like Receptor Signalling in Children with Down Syndrome.
Article in Mediators of inflammation, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical considerations for immune dysregulation and immunodeficiency in Down syndrome.Journal of human immunity · 2026Review
- Article
- Recurrent Respiratory Infections in Children with Down Syndrome: A Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- A Brief Overview of Neutrophils in Neurological Diseases.Biomolecules · 2023Review
- Melatonin as an immunomodulator in children with Down syndrome.Pediatric research · 2022Article
- Differential microRNA expression profile in blood of children with Down syndrome suggests a role in immunological dysfunction.Human cell · 2022Article
- Congenital Heart Diseases and Periodontal Diseases-Is There a Link?Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Review
- Review
- Congenital Heart Disease: An Immunological Perspective.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2021Review
- Immune Dysregulation in Children With Down Syndrome.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2020Review
- Dysregulated Monocyte and Neutrophil Functional Phenotype in Infants With Neonatal Encephalopathy Requiring Therapeutic Hypothermia.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2020Article
- Perinatal Opioid Exposure Primes the Peripheral Immune System Toward Hyperreactivity.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2020Article
- Immune Dysregulation and the Increased Risk of Complications and Mortality Following Respiratory Tract Infections in Adults With Down Syndrome.Frontiers in immunologyReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the key in initiating innate immune responses. TLR2 is crucial in recognising lipopeptides from gram-positive bacteria and is implicated in chronic inflammation. Children with Down syndrome (DS) are prone to infections from these pathogens and have an increased risk of autoimmunity. Sparstolonin B (SsnB) is a TLR antagonist which attenuates cytokine production and improves outcomes in sepsis. We hypothesised that TLR signalling may be abnormal in children with DS and contribute to their clinical phenotype. We evaluated TLR pathways in 3 ways: determining the expression of TLR2 on the surface of neutrophils and monocytes by flow cytometry, examining the gene expression of key regulatory proteins involved in TLR signal propagation, MyD88, IRAK4, and TRIF, by quantitative PCR, and lastly determining the cytokine production by ELISA following immunomodulation with proinflammatory stimuli (lipopolysaccharide (LPS), Pam3Csk4) and the anti-inflammatory agent SsnB. We report TLR2 expression being significantly increased on neutrophils, total monocytes, and intermediate and nonclassical monocytes in children with DS (
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.