ReviewNature immunology2019
Inhibitory receptors and ligands beyond PD-1, PD-L1 and CTLA-4: breakthroughs or backups.
Review in Nature immunology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 349 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
349 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 523 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for the treatment of cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Analysis of PD1, LAG3, TIGIT, and TIM3 expression in human lung adenocarcinoma reveals a 25-gene signature predicting immunotherapy response.Cell reports. Medicine · 2024Trial
- Clinical response and pathway-specific correlates following TIGIT-LAG3 blockade in myeloma: the MyCheckpoint randomized clinical trial.Nature cancer · 2024Trial
- Immune Checkpoints in Leukaemia as Gatekeepers of Immuno-Modulation.Immunology · 2026Review
- Lineage-specific immune checkpoint dynamics define a context-dependent regulatory framework with translational relevance in human γδ T cells.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Feline Mammary Carcinoma as a Comparative Model of Human Breast Cancer: An Integrative Review.Cancers · 2026Article
- Molecular Architecture and Clinical Landscape of Immune Checkpoint Receptors and Ligands.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Immune checkpoints and immunoregulation in metabolic diseases and cancers: pathological mechanisms and therapeutic potential.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Review
- PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors in Hodgkin lymphoma: A meta- and network meta-analysis.Translational oncology · 2026Review
- Proteogenomic characterization of pulmonary large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma identifies molecular features and therapeutic strategy.Science advances · 2026Article
- Immunotherapy for Cancer: Current Advances and Future Directions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- ANKRD49 promotes immune evasion in lung adenocarcinoma by activating the MEF2A/PD‑L1 axis.Biology direct · 2026Article
- SIRT2-mediated deacetylation activates USP22 catalytic function for PD-L1 protein stabilization and tumor immune escape.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- Real-World Outcomes of Adjuvant Pembrolizumab for Renal Cell Carcinoma: The Potential Role of PD-L1 as a Prognostic Biomarker.Targeted oncology · 2026Article
- Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: From Molecular Stratification to Precision Immunotherapy.Cells · 2026Review
- Development and validation of a clinically interpretable risk scoring system for predicting one-year all-cause mortality in esophageal cancer: a population-based study.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Article
- Clinicopathological features and immune checkpoint expression patterns in dMMR early gastric cancer: a retrospective pilot study.BMC cancer · 2026Article
- Insight of immune checkpoint blockades in melanoma: mechanism and clinical translation.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Smart responsive hydrogels combined with AI design for tumor therapy.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
289 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Although immunotherapeutics targeting the inhibitory receptors (IRs) CTLA-4, PD-1 or PD-L1 have made substantial clinical progress in cancer, a considerable proportion of patients remain unresponsive to treatment. Targeting novel IR-ligand pathways in combination with current immunotherapies may improve clinical outcomes. New clinical immunotherapeutics target T cell-expressed IRs (LAG-3, TIM-3 and TIGIT) as well as inhibitory ligands in the B7 family (B7-H3, B7-H4 and B7-H5), although many of these targets have complex biologies and unclear mechanisms of action. With only modest clinical success in targeting these IRs, current immunotherapeutic design may not be optimal. This Review covers the biology of targeting novel IR-ligand pathways and the current clinical status of their immunotherapeutics, either as monotherapy or in combination with antibody to PD-1 or to its ligand PD-L1. Further understanding of the basic biology of these targets is imperative to the development of effective cancer immunotherapies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.