ArticleScientific reports2019
Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 and 2 among people who used illicit drugs in the state of Pará, northern Brazil.
Article in Scientific reports, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Global Prevalence of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 Infections among Immigrants and Refugees-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Viruses · 2024Pooled it
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- HTLV-1 and ATLL: Epidemiology, Oncogenesis, and Opportunities for Community-Informed Research in the United States.Viruses · 2025Review
- High Rate of Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus-2 in Patients with HIV in the Peruvian Amazon.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Article
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- Human T-lymphotropic virus-1 infection among Latin American pregnant women living in Spain.IJID regions · 2024Article
- HTLV-2 Enhances CD8Viruses · 2022Article
- HTLV infection in Brazil's second-largest indigenous reserve.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Syphilis and Co-Infections with HIV-1, HBV, and HCV among People Who Use Crack-Cocaine in Northern Brazil.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Role of miRNAs in Human T Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Induced T Cell Leukemia: A Literature Review and Bioinformatics Approach.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Prevalence and Risk Factors for HTLV-1/2 Infection in Quilombo Remnant Communities Living in the Brazilian Amazon.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Multi-Epitope Protein as a Tool of Serological Diagnostic Development for HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 Infections.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Spread of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus 1 and 2 Among Relatives of People Who Use Illicit Drugs in Northern Brazil.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 Infection Among Warao Indigenous Refugees in the Brazilian Amazon: Challenges for Public Health in Times of Increasing Migration.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Blocking HTLV-1/2 silent transmission in Brazil: Current public health policies and proposal for additional strategies.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Review
- Article
- Review
- Hepatitis E Virus in People Who Use Crack-Cocaine: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Remote Region of Northern Brazil.Viruses · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
People who used illicit drugs (PWUDs) represent an important population group for acquisition and viral dispersion. In Brazil, high rates of the human T lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1) and 2 (HTLV-2) have been reported in epidemiological studies. However, the epidemiological scenario of HTLV-1/2 infections in PWUDs is still poorly understood. Thus, this cross-sectional study determined the prevalence, frequency of subtypes and factors associated with HTLV-1/2 infections among PWUDs in the Brazilian state of Pará, an area considered endemic for this virus and with poor health services. Among 826 PWUDs, 53 (6.4%) presented anti-HTLV-1/2 antibodies by EIA and 44 (5.3%) presented proviral DNA by PCR. HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 were detected in 25 (3.0%) and 19 (2.3%) PWUDs, respectively. Subtypes 1a (25/44), transcontinental (23/44) and Japanese subgroups (2/44), 2b (6/44) and 2c (13/44) were identified. Involvement in illicit/criminal activity, daily use of illicit drugs, illicit drug use over 12 years, unprotected sex with other PWUDs, changes in genitalia (including ulcers and wounds), and more than 12 sexual partners were associated with HTLV-1/2 in PWUDs. This high prevalence and intense circulation of subtypes and subgroups of HTLV-1/2 is very worrying, and indicate the need for urgent actions for its control, prevention and treatment.
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