Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31611599›Full record

ArticleHeredity2019

Genetic dissection of complex behaviour traits in German Shepherd dogs.

Juliane Friedrich, Erling Strandberg, Per Arvelius, E Sánchez-Molano, Ricardo Pong-Wong, John M Hickey, Marie J Haskell, Pamela Wiener

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Heredity, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
2.3field-weighted citation impact, top 11% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. iScience · 2026
    Article
  3. GWAS for behavioral traits in golden retrievers identifies genes implicated in human temperament, mental health, and cognition.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  4. Genetic testing predicts appearance but not behavior in dogs.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. The Shepherd and the Hunter: A Genomic Comparison of Italian Dog Breeds.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Best practices for analyzing imputed genotypes from low-pass sequencing in dogs.Mammalian genome : official journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society · 2022
    Article
  13. CyberGenomics: Application of Behavioral Genetics in Cybersecurity.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021
    Review
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.

Juliane FriedrichDivision of Genetics and Genomics, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK.
Erling StrandbergDepartment of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7023, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.
Per ArveliusSwedish Armed Forces Dog Training Centre, PO Box 194, 195 24, Märsta, Sweden.
E Sánchez-MolanoDivision of Genetics and Genomics, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK.
Ricardo Pong-WongDivision of Genetics and Genomics, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK.
John M HickeyDivision of Genetics and Genomics, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK.
Marie J HaskellAnimal and Veterinary Sciences Group, Scotland's Rural College, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK. marie.haskell@sruc.ac.uk.
Pamela WienerDivision of Genetics and Genomics, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK. pam.wiener@roslin.ed.ac.uk.
Roslin Institute · GBScotland's Rural College · GBSwedish Armed Forces · SESwedish University of Agricultural Sciences · SEUniversity of Edinburgh · GB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

A favourable genetic structure and diversity of behavioural features highlights the potential of dogs for studying the genetic architecture of behaviour traits. However, behaviours are complex traits, which have been shown to be influenced by numerous genetic and non-genetic factors, complicating their analysis. In this study, the genetic contribution to behaviour variation in German Shepherd dogs (GSDs) was analysed using genomic approaches. GSDs were phenotyped for behaviour traits using the established Canine Behavioural Assessment and Research Questionnaire (C-BARQ). Genome-wide association study (GWAS) and regional heritability mapping (RHM) approaches were employed to identify associations between behaviour traits and genetic variants, while accounting for relevant non-genetic factors. By combining these complementary methods we endeavoured to increase the power to detect loci with small effects. Several behavioural traits exhibited moderate heritabilities, with the highest identified for Human-directed playfulness, a trait characterised by positive interactions with humans. We identified several genomic regions associated with one or more of the analysed behaviour traits. Some candidate genes located in these regions were previously linked to behavioural disorders in humans, suggesting a new context for their influence on behaviour characteristics. Overall, the results support dogs as a valuable resource to dissect the genetic architecture of behaviour traits and also highlight the value of focusing on a single breed in order to control for background genetic effects and thus avoid limitations of between-breed analyses.

Indexed as

Behavior, AnimalAnimalsChromosome MappingDogsGenome-Wide Association StudyMultifactorial InheritancePolymorphism, Single NucleotideQuantitative Trait Loci

Identifiers

PMID31611599
PMCPMC6834583
OpenAlexW2979848079

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.