ReviewCell death & disease2019
Pathological alteration and therapeutic implications of sepsis-induced immune cell apoptosis.
Review in Cell death & disease, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05825118 (Neutrophil-lymphocyte Ratio Versus Lactate-albumin Ratio as a Predictor of Morbidity and Mortality in Patients With Sepsis and Septic Shock), which is not on this map. Cited by 207 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neutrophil-lymphocyte Ratio Versus Lactate-albumin Ratio as a Predictor of Morbidity and Mortality in Patients With Sepsis and Septic Shock
Who cites it
207 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 371 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hydrocortisone combined with fludrocortisone for treatment of adults with septic shock: an updated meta-analysis and systematic review.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- A bibliometric and visual analysis of research trends and hotspots in sepsis-related immunosuppression (2005-2025).Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Epigenetic mechanisms of Immune remodeling in sepsis: targeting histone modification.Cell death & disease · 2023Pooled it
- Potential Targets to Mitigate Trauma- or Sepsis-Induced Immune Suppression.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Pooled it
- A nomogram to predict prolonged stay of obesity patients with sepsis in ICU: Relevancy for predictive, personalized, preventive, and participatory healthcare strategies.Frontiers in public health · 2022Trial
- Exploring the mechanism of polymorphonuclear neutrophils against sepsis based on immune model.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- Ramelteon and Mortality in Patients With Sepsis and Cancer: Insights From a Propensity-Matched Analysis of the MIMIC-IV Database.Cancer medicine · 2026Article
- PScientific reports · 2026Observational
- Admission Cytokine Profiling for ICU Mortality Prediction in Heterogeneous Acute Respiratory Failure: An Exploratory Cytokine Profiling Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Disease-specific alterations in the expression of circulating extracellular vesicle surface proteins in sepsis, hypertension and hypertensive sepsis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Histone Lactylation in Immune Cells and Its Predictive Role in Sepsis Progression: A Prospective Observational Study.Shock (Augusta, Ga.) · 2026Observational
- Association of peripheral blood lymphocytes and immunoglobulins with disease severity in pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome: an age-stratified retrospective study.BMC pediatrics · 2026Article
- Possible contribution of the STAT3 signaling pathway to disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in mice with cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Prognostic Significance of Immune Abnormalities in Children with Severe Sepsis.Indian journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Host mitochondrial DNA in bacterial pathogenesis: Friend, Foe, or Both?Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- Modes of (Inter)Actions of Polyvalent Immunoglobulins: Nonclinical and Clinical Research in Severe Bacterial Infections.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) Modulates Chemokine Production Via the TLR4/TRAF6 Signaling Axis During LPS + IFN-γ-Induced Endotoxemia-mimicked Sepsis.Inflammation · 2026Article
- Targeting Ferroptosis in Sepsis: Therapeutic Potential and Mechanisms of Natural Products and Traditional Chinese Medicine.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Review
- Association of glucose-lymphocyte ratio and short-term mortality in patients with sepsis complicated by ARDS during the acute phase: a multicenter retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Observational
- Lymphocyte function inhibition and exhaustion in sepsis: mechanisms and applications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
147 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction syndrome caused by dysregulated host response to infection that leads to uncontrolled inflammatory response followed by immunosuppression. However, despite the high mortality rate, no specific treatment modality or drugs with high efficacy is available for sepsis to date. Although improved treatment strategies have increased the survival rate during the initial state of excessive inflammatory response, recent trends in sepsis show that mortality occurs at a period of continuous immunosuppressive state in which patients succumb to secondary infections within a few weeks or months due to post-sepsis "immune paralysis." Immune cell alteration induced by uncontrolled apoptosis has been considered a major cause of significant immunosuppression. Particularly, apoptosis of lymphocytes, including innate immune cells and adaptive immune cells, is associated with a higher risk of secondary infections and poor outcomes. Multiple postmortem studies have confirmed that sepsis-induced immune cell apoptosis occurs in all age groups, including neonates, pediatric, and adult patients, and it is considered to be a primary contributing factor to the immunosuppressive pathophysiology of sepsis. Therapeutic perspectives targeting apoptosis through various strategies could improve survival in sepsis. In this review article, we will focus on describing the major apoptosis process of immune cells with respect to physiologic and molecular mechanisms. Further, advances in apoptosis-targeted treatment modalities for sepsis will also be discussed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.