ArticleMultiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)2020
The long-term outcomes of CIS patients in the Barcelona inception cohort: Looking back to recognize aggressive MS.
Article in Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- DELPHI expert consensus-derived factors influencing the early use of monoclonal high-efficacy therapies in treatment-naïve patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.Journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Rethinking prognosis in multiple sclerosis: a multiaxial perspective.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2026Review
- Preserving Neurological Function in People at High and Low Risk of Aggressive Multiple Sclerosis: An Observational Cohort Study.CNS drugs · 2026Observational
- Integration of retinal layer thinning into NEDA-3 predicts disability progression in multiple sclerosis.Journal of neurology · 2026Observational
- The impact of multiple sclerosis on wellbeing, productivity, and societal relations.Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria · 2025Article
- Early intensive therapy versus escalation strategy in French Caribbean multiple sclerosis cohort.European journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Baseline neurofilament light chain and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels predict development of aggressive multiple sclerosis.Turkish journal of medical sciences · 2025Article
- Neuroimaging phenotype characterization of early aggressive and late severe multiple sclerosis: a case-control study.Brain communications · 2025Article
- Exploring miRNAs' Based Modeling Approach for Predicting PIRA in Multiple Sclerosis: A Comprehensive Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Early prediction of unfavorable evolution after a first clinical episode suggestive of multiple sclerosis: the EUMUS score.Journal of neurology · 2024Article
- Matching proposed clinical and MRI criteria of aggressive multiple sclerosis to serum and cerebrospinal fluid markers of neuroaxonal and glial injury.Journal of neurology · 2024Article
- CD138 as a Specific CSF Biomarker of Multiple Sclerosis.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2024Article
- Predictive factors and treatment challenges in malignant progression of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Prognostic relevance of MRI in early relapsing multiple sclerosis: ready to guide treatment decision making?Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2024Review
- Predictors of long-term disability in multiple sclerosis patients using routine magnetic resonance imaging data: A 15-year retrospective study.The neuroradiology journal · 2023Article
- Retrospective cohort study to devise a treatment decision score predicting adverse 24-month radiological activity in early multiple sclerosis.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2023Article
- Proteomics and relationship with axonal pathology in multiple sclerosis: 5-year diffusion tensor imaging study.Brain communications · 2023Article
- Are highly active and aggressive multiple sclerosis the same entity?Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
- Predictive MRI Biomarkers in MS-A Critical Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Review
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging as a Prognostic Disability Marker in Clinically Isolated Syndrome and Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
29 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo explore the long-term outcomes of patients with clinically isolated syndromes from the Barcelona cohort.
methodsWe selected patients with a follow-up longer than 10 years to (1) estimate the risks of multiple sclerosis (MS) and disability accumulation according to the baseline number of T2 lesions and to compare treated versus untreated patients and early versus delayed treatment, and (2) to study baseline features of patients with aggressive MS (Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) ⩾6.0 at 10 years).
resultsIn all, 401 patients were included (mean follow-up of 14.4 (standard deviation of 2.9) years). A higher number of T2 lesions was associated with an earlier MS diagnosis and an earlier risk of irreversible disability. Early treatment was associated with a decreased risk of EDSS of 3.0: adjusted hazard ratio = 0.4, 95% confidence interval = (0.2, 0.7). Patients with aggressive MS differed in their baseline brain magnetic resonance images: The median (interquartile range) number of T2 lesions and contrast-enhancing lesions (CEL) was 71 (28-95) versus 7 (1-19) and 3 (1-24) versus 0 (0-1), respectively. The cut-offs that better classified patients with aggressive MS were 20 for T2 lesions and 2 for CEL.
conclusionAlthough MS natural history is changing, a high lesion load at onset is helpful to identify patients at risk of presenting an aggressive MS.
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