ArticleBiomacromolecules2019
Modular Polymer Antigens To Optimize Immunity.
Article in Biomacromolecules, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- An Engineered HR1-Stem Helix-HR2 Trimeric Platform for Developing Broad-Spectrum Coronavirus Vaccines.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Article
- Mechanical interactions impact the functions of immune cells and their application in immunoengineering.Advanced therapeutics · 2025Article
- Glycoconjugate vaccines: platforms and adjuvants for directed immunity.Glycobiology · 2024Review
- Synthesis of a Phosphoethanolamine Cellulose Mimetic and Evaluation of Its Unanticipated Biofilm Modulating Properties.ACS infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Proteomimetic Polymers Trigger Potent Antigen-Specific T Cell Responses to Limit Tumor Growth.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2024Article
- Biomaterial engineering strategies for B cell immunity modulations.Biomaterials science · 2024Review
- Biomaterials-mediated ligation of immune cell surface receptors for immunoengineering.Immuno-oncology technology · 2024Review
- Chemical synthesis and immunological evaluation of entirely carbohydrate conjugate Globo H-PS A1.Chemical science · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Subunit vaccines can have excellent safety profiles, but their ability to give rise to robust immune responses is often compromised. For glycan-based vaccines, insufficient understanding of B and T cell epitope combinations that yield optimal immune activation hinders optimization. To determine which antigen features promote desired IgG responses, we synthesized epitope-functionalized polymers using ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) and assessed the effect of B and T cell epitope loading. The most robust responses were induced by polymers with a high valency of B and T cell epitopes. Additionally, IgG responses were greater for polymers with T cell epitopes that are readily liberated upon endosomal processing. Combining these criteria, we used ROMP to generate a nontoxic, polymeric antigen that elicited stronger antibody responses than a comparable protein conjugate. These findings highlight principles for designing synthetic antigens that elicit strong IgG responses against inherently weak immune targets such as glycans.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.