ArticleInternational journal of cancer2020
Interval breast cancer risk associations with breast density, family history and breast tissue aging.
Article in International journal of cancer, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Poor handling of continuous predictors in clinical prediction models using logistic regression: a systematic review.Journal of clinical epidemiology · 2023Pooled it
- Stiff stroma increases breast cancer risk by inducing the oncogene ZNF217.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2020Trial
- Circulating Thioredoxin 1 as an Adjunct to Mammography for Breast Cancer Detection: A Multicenter Clinical Validation Study.Cancers · 2026Article
- Research advances in aptamers in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer (Review).International journal of oncology · 2026Review
- A simple and fast explainable artificial intelligence-based pre-screening tool for breast cancer tumor malignancy detection.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Global burden of female breast cancer: new estimates in 2022, temporal trend and future projections up to 2050 based on the latest release from GLOBOCAN.Journal of the National Cancer Center · 2025Article
- Current Strategies to Reducing Interval Breast Cancers: A Systematic Review.Breast cancer (Dove Medical Press) · 2025Review
- Breast and bowel cancers diagnosed in people 'too young to have cancer': A blueprint for research using family and twin studies.Genetic epidemiology · 2024Article
- Interaction between body mass index and family history of cancer on the risk of female breast cancer.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Variance of age-specific log incidence decomposition (VALID): a unifying model of measured and unmeasured genetic and non-genetic risks.International journal of epidemiology · 2023Article
- Severity and risk factors of interval breast cancer in Queensland, Australia: a population-based study.Breast cancer (Tokyo, Japan) · 2023Article
- Breast Density Evaluation According to BI-RADS 5th Edition on Digital Breast Tomosynthesis: AI Automated Assessment Versus Human Visual Assessment.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Article
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- Global patterns of breast cancer incidence and mortality: A population-based cancer registry data analysis from 2000 to 2020.Cancer communications (London, England) · 2021Article
- MRI versus Mammography plus Ultrasound in Women at Intermediate Breast Cancer Risk: Study Design and Protocol of the MRIB Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Trial.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- The Effects of Lifetime Estrogen Exposure on Breast Epigenetic Age.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2021Article
- The P.I.N.K. Study Approach for Supporting Personalized Risk Assessment and Early Diagnosis of Breast Cancer.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Going Beyond Conventional Mammographic Density to Discover Novel Mammogram-Based Predictors of Breast Cancer Risk.Journal of clinical medicine · 2020Article
- "Screening isn't Your Ticket to Vacation": In-depth Interviews With Women in the United States Who Experienced an Interval Breast Cancer.Cancer control : journal of the Moffitt Cancer CenterArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
18 authors at 7 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Interval breast cancers (those diagnosed between recommended mammography screens) generally have poorer outcomes and are more common among women with dense breasts. We aimed to develop a risk model for interval breast cancer. We conducted a nested case-control study within the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study involving 168 interval breast cancer patients and 498 matched control subjects. We measured breast density using the CUMULUS software. We recorded first-degree family history by questionnaire, measured body mass index (BMI) and calculated age-adjusted breast tissue aging, a novel measure of exposure to estrogen and progesterone based on the Pike model. We fitted conditional logistic regression to estimate odds ratio (OR) or odds ratio per adjusted standard deviation (OPERA) and calculated the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). The stronger risk associations were for unadjusted percent breast density (OPERA = 1.99; AUC = 0.66), more so after adjusting for age and BMI (OPERA = 2.26; AUC = 0.70), and for family history (OR = 2.70; AUC = 0.56). When the latter two factors and their multiplicative interactions with age-adjusted breast tissue aging (p = 0.01 and 0.02, respectively) were fitted, the AUC was 0.73 (95% CI 0.69-0.77), equivalent to a ninefold interquartile risk ratio. In summary, compared with using dense breasts alone, risk discrimination for interval breast cancers could be doubled by instead using breast density, BMI, family history and hormonal exposure. This would also give women with dense breasts, and their physicians, more information about the major consequence of having dense breasts-an increased risk of developing an interval breast cancer.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.