ArticleJournal of neurochemistry2020
Distinct gradients of various neurotransmitter markers in caudate nucleus and putamen of the human brain.
Article in Journal of neurochemistry, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Postnatal maturation of putamen microstructure accompanies topographic white matter connectivity and altered circuits in autism.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- The role of the caudate nucleus in taste function: a comprehensive narrative review.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Review
- Characteristics of striatal changes in diabetic retinopathy and type 2 diabetes: a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Article
- Levodopa treatment: impacts and mechanisms throughout Parkinson's disease progression.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2025Review
- Absolute Number of Thalamic Parafascicular and Striatal Cholinergic Neurons, and the Three-Dimensional Spatial Array of Striatal Cholinergic Neurons, in the Sprague-Dawley Rat.The Journal of comparative neurology · 2025Article
- α7-Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor and Mutated α-Synuclein Interact in Motor Behaviour and Nigrostriatal Dopamine-Findings With Potential Relevance for a Protective Effect of Cigarette Smoking and Parkinson's Disease.The European journal of neuroscience · 2025Article
- Age-Related Changes in Caudate Glucose Metabolism: Insights from Normative Modeling Study in Healthy Subjects.Metabolites · 2025Article
- Investigating resting-state functional connectivity changes within procedural memory network across neuropsychiatric disorders using fMRI.BMC medical imaging · 2025Article
- Biomarkers of Suicidal Ideation in Depression: Insights From VMHC Analysis and Machine Learning.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2025Article
- Abnormalities of iron homeostasis and the dopaminergic system in Tourette syndrome revealed by 7T MRI and PET.Brain communications · 2025Article
- Enhanced spectral resolution and reduced acquisition time in fiber-based wavelength-swept source Raman spectroscopy.Neurophotonics · 2025Article
- Age and gender effects on striatal dopamine transporter density and cerebral perfusion in individuals with non-degenerative parkinsonism: a dual-phaseEJNMMI research · 2024Article
- Examining putamen resting-state connectivity markers of suicide attempt history in depressed adolescents.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Dopamine and vesicular monoamine transport loss supports incidental Lewy body disease as preclinical idiopathic Parkinson.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2023Article
- Three-Dimensional Spatial Analyses of Cholinergic Neuronal Distributions Across The Mouse Septum, Nucleus Basalis, Globus Pallidus, Nucleus Accumbens, and Caudate-Putamen.Neuroinformatics · 2022Article
- Article
- Neurobiological and Pharmacological Perspectives of D3 Receptors in Parkinson's Disease.Biomolecules · 2022Review
- Subcortical Iron Accumulation Pattern May Predict Neuropsychological Outcomes After Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation: A Pilot Study.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2022Article
- Acute Stress Exposure Alters Food-Related Brain Monoaminergic Profiles in a Rat Model of Anorexia.The Journal of nutrition · 2021Article
- Striatal topographical organization: Bridging the gap between molecules, connectivity and behavior.European journal of histochemistry : EJH · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The caudate nucleus (CN) and the putamen (PUT) as parts of the human striatum are distinguished by a marked heterogeneity in functional, anatomical, and neurochemical patterns. Our study aimed to document in detail the regional diversity in the distribution of dopamine (DA), serotonin, γ-aminobuturic acid, and choline acetyltransferase within the CN and PUT. For this purpose we dissected the CN as well as the PUT of 12 post-mortem brains of human subjects with no evidence of neurological and psychiatric disorders (38-81 years old) into about 80 tissue parts. We then investigated rostro-caudal, dorso-ventral, and medio-lateral gradients of these neurotransmitter markers. All parameters revealed higher levels, turnover rates, or activities in the PUT than in the CN. Within the PUT, DA levels increased continuously from rostral to caudal. In contrast, the lowest molar ratio of homovanillic acid to DA, a marker of DA turnover, coincided with highest DA levels in the caudal PUT, the part of the striatum with the highest loss of DA in Parkinson's disease (N. Engl. J. Med., 318, 1988, 876). Highest DA concentrations were found in the most central areas both in the PUT and CN. We observed an age-dependent loss of DA in the PUT and CN that did not correspond to the loss described for Parkinson's disease indicating different mechanisms inducing the deficit of DA. Our data demonstrate a marked heterogeneity in the anatomical distribution of neurotransmitter markers in the human dorsal striatum indicating anatomical and functional diversity within this brain structure.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.