ArticleDevelopment, growth & differentiation2019
Interleukin-2 induces extracellular matrix synthesis and TGF-β2 expression in retinal pigment epithelial cells.
Article in Development, growth & differentiation, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Oxidative stress promotes the progression of age-related macular degeneration by up-regulating Spp1 to activate the JAK/STAT signaling pathway.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The pathogenesis of müller cell glial-mesenchymal transition in retinal fibrosis-related eye diseases.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Article
- Tacrolimus modulates the PI3K AKT mTOR pathway in retinal epithelial cells under inflammatory stress.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Causal relationships between inflammatory cytokines and myopia: an analysis of genetic and observational studies.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2024Article
- Aqueous Humor Cytokines in Idiopathic Epiretinal Membrane: Correlation with Disease Severity.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- SPI1-mediated macrophage polarization aggravates age-related macular degeneration.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Exploring the role of granzyme B in subretinal fibrosis of age-related macular degeneration.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Role of reactive oxygen species in epithelial-mesenchymal transition and apoptosis of human lens epithelial cells.International journal of ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Carbon dots enhance extracellular matrix secretion for dentin-pulp complex regeneration through PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway-mediated activation of autophagy.Materials today. Bio · 2022Article
- The effect of systemic levels of TNF-alpha and complement pathway activity on outcomes of VEGF inhibition in neovascular AMD.Eye (London, England) · 2022Article
- The contribution of the immune system to genitourinary fibrosis.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2022Article
- Genipin protects against mitochondrial damage of the retinal pigment epithelium under hyperglycemia through theAnnals of translational medicine · 2022Article
- Proline metabolism and transport in retinal health and disease.Amino acids · 2021Review
- Triamcinolone acetonide modulates TGF‑β2‑induced angiogenic and tissue‑remodeling effects in cultured human retinal pigment epithelial cells.Molecular medicine reports · 2021Article
- Yes-associated protein is essential for proliferative vitreoretinopathy development via the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in retinal pigment epithelial fibrosis.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2021Article
- Nano-Graphene Oxide-Promoted Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells through Regulation of Phospholipase D Signaling.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- The HIF-1α/p53/miRNA-34a/Klotho axis in retinal pigment epithelial cells promotes subretinal fibrosis and exacerbates choroidal neovascularization.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2021Article
- The Role of Inflammation in Age-Related Macular Degeneration.International journal of biological sciences · 2020Review
- Interleukin-2 induces extracellular matrix synthesis and TGF-β2 expression in retinal pigment epithelial cells.Development, growth & differentiation · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Macular fibrosis is a vital obstacle of vision acuity improvement of age-related macular degeneration patients. This study was to investigate the effects of interleukin 2 (IL-2) on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis and transforming growth factor β2 (TGF-β2) expression in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. 10 μg/L IL-2 was used to induce fibrosis in RPE cells for various times. Western blot was used to detect the EMT marker α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), ECM markers fibronectin (Fn) and type 1 collagen (COL-1), TGF-β2, and the activation of the JAK/STAT3 and NF-κB signaling pathway. Furthermore, JAK/STAT3 and NF-κB signaling pathways were specifically blocked by WP1066 or BAY11-7082, respectively, and the expression of α-SMA, COL-1, Fn and TGF-β2 protein were detected. Wound healing and Transwell assays were used to measure cell migration ability of IL-2 with or without WP1066 or BAY11-7082. After induction of IL-2, the expressions of Fn, COL-1, TGF-β2 protein were significantly increased, and this effect was correlated with IL-2 treatment duration, while α-SMA protein expression did not change significantly. Both WP1066 and BAY11-7082 could effectively downregulate the expression of Fn, COL-1 and TGF-β2 induced by IL-2. What's more, both NF-κB and JAK/STAT3 inhibitors could suppress the activation of the other signaling pathway. Additionally, JAK/STAT3 inhibitor WP1066 and NF-κB inhibitor BAY 11-7082 could obviously decrease RPE cells migration capability induced by IL-2. IL-2 promotes cell migration, ECM synthesis and TGF-β2 expression in RPE cells via JAK/STAT3 and NF-κB signaling pathways, which may play an important role in proliferative vitreoretinopathy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.