ArticleMediastinum (Hong Kong, China)2019
Immune checkpoint inhibitors for treatment of thymic epithelial tumors: how to maximize benefit and optimize risk?
Article in Mediastinum (Hong Kong, China), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk factors for postoperative myasthenia gravis in patients with thymoma without myasthenia gravis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Pooled it
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related myocarditis in patients with thymic epithelial tumors: a retrospective cohort analysis.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2026Article
- Serum HDL subfractions are impaired by COVID-19 vaccine in patients with thymic epithelial tumors.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Immunotherapy in thymic epithelial tumors: tissue predictive biomarkers for immune checkpoint inhibitors.Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy · 2024Review
- Immunotherapy of thymic epithelial tumors: molecular understandings and clinical perspectives.Molecular cancer · 2023Review
- Efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) combined with antiangiogenic therapy for thymic epithelial tumors (TETs): a retrospective study.Translational cancer research · 2023Article
- Clinical characteristics, prognostic factors, and long-term outcomes associated with epithelial malignancies of the thymus: A 20-year single-institution experience.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2023Review
- Thymic Epithelial Tumors: An Evolving Field.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Immunocytometric analysis of patients with thymic epithelial tumors revealed that COVID-19 vaccine booster strongly enhanced the immune response.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Early development of pembrolizumab-induced fulminant myositis and cardiotoxicity in a patient with metastatic thymoma.Respirology case reports · 2022Article
- Review
- Tolerability of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccines, BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273, in Patients With Thymic Epithelial Tumors.JTO clinical and research reports · 2021Article
- Identification and Characterization of Non-Coding RNAs in Thymoma.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2021Article
- Difference in the distribution of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells and FOXP3+ T cells between micronodular thymoma with lymphoid stroma and micronodular thymic carcinoma with lymphoid stroma.Pathology international · 2021Article
- Thymus and autoimmunity.Seminars in immunopathology · 2021Review
- Hadrontherapy for Thymic Epithelial Tumors: Implementation in Clinical Practice.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Review
- Molecular pathology of thymomas: implications for diagnosis and therapy.Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2021Review
- Pathology of thymoma-where are we today?Journal of thoracic disease · 2020Review
- Immunotherapy for thymoma.Journal of thoracic disease · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
A greater understanding of anti-tumor immunity has resulted in rapid development of immunotherapy for a wide variety of cancers. Antibodies targeting the immune checkpoints, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), programmed death-1 (PD-1), or its ligand (PD-L1) have demonstrated clinical activity and are approved for treatment of melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), renal cell carcinoma, bladder cancer, head and neck cancers, esophageal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and Hodgkin lymphoma, among others. Treatment is generally well tolerated with relatively few adverse events compared with standard treatments such as chemotherapy. However, immune activation can potentially affect any organ system and a small fraction of patients are at risk for developing severe immune-related adverse events. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and other immunotherapeutic modalities such as cancer vaccines are in nascent stages of development for treatment of thymic epithelial tumors (TETs). Since the thymus plays a key role in the development of immune tolerance, thymic tumors have a unique biology which can influence the risk-benefit balance of immunotherapy. Indeed, early results from clinical trials have demonstrated clinical activity, albeit at a cost of a higher incidence of immune-related adverse events, which seem to particularly affect skeletal and cardiac muscle and the neuromuscular junction. In this paper we describe the effects of thymic physiology on the immune system and review the results of clinical trials that have evaluated immunotherapy for treatment of relapsed thymoma and thymic carcinoma. We review ongoing efforts to mitigate the risk of immune-related complications in patients with TETs receiving immunotherapy and offer our thoughts for making immunotherapy a feasible alternative for treatment of thymic tumors.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.