Trial reportJournal of hepatology2020
The Candida albicans exotoxin candidalysin promotes alcohol-associated liver disease.
Trial report in Journal of hepatology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05448144 (Alterations of Gut Microbiota and Metabolites in Asian Patients With Alcohol-associated Liver Disease), which is not on this map. Cited by 147 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Alterations of Gut Microbiota and Metabolites in Asian Patients With Alcohol-associated Liver Disease
Who cites it
147 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 224 citations in OpenAlex.
- Influence of Alcohol on the Intestinal Immune System.Alcohol research : current reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Evaluation of the Antifungal Effect of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG against Oral candidiasis in Healthy Sprague-Dawley Rats.Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology · 2026Article
- Article
- Gut Microbiota and Ageing: A Critical Crosstalk in Alcohol-Related Liver Disease.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Gut-liver axis molecular mechanisms in alcohol-associated liver disease.Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.) · 2026Review
- Peptide YY reduces cytotoxicity of Candida albicans in alcohol-associated liver disease.JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology · 2026Article
- Bifidobacterium bifidum-derived nanoparticles attenuate alcoholic liver disease via enhanced hepatic phagocytosis and gastrointestinal homeostasis.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Fecal microbiota transplantation in chronic liver disease: Current and future state of the art.Hepatology communications · 2026Review
- Intestinal fungi shape the biology of the mammalian gut.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Why, Immunologically, Housing-Related Fungi and Endotoxins (and Other Chronic Pro-Inflammatory Stressors) Risk Latent Tuberculosis Reactivation, Severe Asthma, and Translocating and Invasive Infections in Indigenous Communities in Canada.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2026Review
- Harnessing the power of the gut microbiome: a review of supplementation diagnosis and therapy for liver cirrhosis.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2026Review
- The role and possible mechanism of intestinal fungi in the progression of chronic liver diseases.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2026Review
- The gut as a central hub for multi-organ crosstalk in aging.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2026Review
- The Application and Limitations of Promising Biological Therapies in Livestock Production under the Context of Antibiotic Restrictions.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- Detection of Fungal Translocation in Patients With Alcohol Use Disorder Using a Real-Time PCR Assay.APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica · 2026Article
- Gut microbiome and bile acid metabolism in liver disease: Mechanisms, clinical implications, and therapeutic opportunities.Pharmacological reviews · 2026Review
- Mycobiome dysbiosis and genetic predisposition to elevated IL-17A contribute to fibrosis in MASLD.JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology · 2026Article
- Novel Vascularized Human Liver Organoids for Modeling Alcohol-Induced Liver Injury and Developing Hepatoprotective Therapy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Article
- Research progress on the role of gut microbiota dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of immune-mediated liver diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
87 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors at 7 institutions in 7 countries.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND &
aimsAlcohol-associated liver disease is a leading indication for liver transplantation and a leading cause of mortality. Alterations to the gut microbiota contribute to the pathogenesis of alcohol-associated liver disease. Patients with alcohol-associated liver disease have increased proportions of Candida spp. in the fecal mycobiome, yet little is known about the effect of intestinal Candida on the disease. Herein, we evaluated the contributions of Candida albicans and its exotoxin candidalysin in alcohol-associated liver disease.
methodsC. albicans and the extent of cell elongation 1 (ECE1) were analyzed in fecal samples from controls, patients with alcohol use disorder and those with alcoholic hepatitis. Mice colonized with different and genetically manipulated C. albicans strains were subjected to the chronic-plus-binge ethanol diet model. Primary hepatocytes were isolated and incubated with candidalysin.
resultsThe percentages of individuals carrying ECE1 were 0%, 4.76% and 30.77% in non-alcoholic controls, patients with alcohol use disorder and patients with alcoholic hepatitis, respectively. Candidalysin exacerbates ethanol-induced liver disease and is associated with increased mortality in mice. Candidalysin enhances ethanol-induced liver disease independently of the β-glucan receptor C-type lectin domain family 7 member A (CLEC7A) on bone marrow-derived cells, and candidalysin does not alter gut barrier function. Candidalysin can damage primary hepatocytes in a dose-dependent manner in vitro and is associated with liver disease severity and mortality in patients with alcoholic hepatitis.
conclusionsCandidalysin is associated with the progression of ethanol-induced liver disease in preclinical models and worse clinical outcomes in patients with alcoholic hepatitis. LAY SUMMARY: Candidalysin is a peptide toxin secreted by the commensal gut fungus Candida albicans. Candidalysin enhances alcohol-associated liver disease independently of the β-glucan receptor CLEC7A on bone marrow-derived cells in mice without affecting intestinal permeability. Candidalysin is cytotoxic to primary hepatocytes, indicating a direct role of candidalysin on ethanol-induced liver disease. Candidalysin might be an effective target for therapy in patients with alcohol-associated liver disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.