ArticleBrain and behavior2019
Use of tobacco in schizophrenia: A double-edged sword.
Article in Brain and behavior, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Unhealthy behaviors associated with mental health disorders: a systematic comparative review of diet quality, sedentary behavior, and cannabis and tobacco use.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- Molecular Underpinning of Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia: A Putative Different Neurobiology from Treatment-Responsive Schizophrenia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Correlates of Tobacco Use Among People with Mental Illness Within Asia: A Scoping Review.Community mental health journal · 2025Article
- Review
- Heavy metal concentrations and clinical symptoms in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia related to cigarette smoking.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Smoking Affects the Predictive Roles of Antioxidant Enzymes in the Clinical Response to Risperidone in Schizophrenia: A Large-scale Cohort Study.Current neuropharmacology · 2023Article
- Review
- The Predictive Role of Aberrant Metabolic Parameters and Negative Automatic Thinking on the Cognitive Impairments Among Schizophrenia Patients with Metabolic Syndrome.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2022Article
- Clozapine treatment and risk of severe COVID-19 infection.Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica · 2022Article
- Hospital indicators and inpatient behavior in a psychiatric hospital that implemented the smoking ban.Revista latino-americana de enfermagem · 2022Article
- The Intergenerational Transmission of Developmental Nicotine Exposure-Induced Neurodevelopmental Disorder-Like Phenotypes is Modulated by the Chrna5 D397N Polymorphism in Adolescent Mice.Behavior genetics · 2021Article
- DNA methylome perturbations: an epigenetic basis for the emergingly heritable neurodevelopmental abnormalities associated with maternal smoking and maternal nicotine exposure†.Biology of reproduction · 2021Review
- Association Between Abundance ofFrontiers in psychiatry · 2021Article
- Differential Physical and Mental Benefits of Physiotherapy Program Among Patients With Schizophrenia and Healthy Controls Suggesting Different Physical Characteristics and Needs.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Article
- Use of tobacco in schizophrenia: A double-edged sword.Brain and behavior · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveIt has been identified that the smoking rate is higher in schizophrenic patients than general population. This study aimed to explore the association between schizophrenia and tobacco use, and provide rational recommendations for clinical care of schizophrenia.
methodsWe recruited 244 patients with schizophrenia and 225 healthy controls. Of schizophrenia patients, 54 patients were untreated with any antipsychotics over the previous 6 months or first-episode and drug-naïve. These patients (nonmedication subgroup) were followed up for 8 weeks. The associations between tobacco use and susceptibility to schizophrenia and psychotic symptoms were analyzed.
resultsAlthough there was no significant difference between schizophrenia patients and healthy controls in the entire sample, stratification analysis showed the rate of smoking was higher in male patients versus healthy controls and that male smokers exhibited higher odds ratios for schizophrenia than nonsmokers. Next, when we repeated analyses in first-episode patients and healthy controls, significant differences were not observed, indicating tobacco use is an outcome rather than a cause of schizophrenia. Furthermore, among nonmedication subgroup, smokers presented with more severe psychotic symptoms at baseline, and better improvement after medication than nonsmokers, suggesting patients with worse symptoms tend to smoke to relieve symptoms.
conclusionThis study supports the self-medication hypothesis. Nonetheless, considering the serious health hazard associated with tobacco use, we should encourage patients to stop smoking. Further investigations are warranted to determine the tobacco constituents that are beneficial or harmful to schizophrenia.
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