Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31605436›Full record

ArticleCancer science2019

Immune cell infiltration as a biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of digestive system cancer.

Sheng Yang, Tong Liu, Yanping Cheng, Yunfei Bai, Geyu Liang

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Cancer science, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
66citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

66 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  10. Prognosis in stage II colon cancer: Expanding the horizons of risk factors.World journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2025
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6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Sheng YangSchool of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0485-7728
Tong LiuSchool of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
Yanping ChengSchool of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
Yunfei BaiSchool of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
Geyu LiangSchool of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.

Funding

The National Natural Science Foundation of China 81673132The National Natural Science Foundation of China 81972998
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The digestive system cancers are aggressive cancers with the highest mortality worldwide. In this study, we undertook a systematic investigation of the tumor immune microenvironment to identify diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. The fraction of 22 immune cell types of patients were estimated using CIBERSORT. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis was carried out to identify important immune predictors. By comparing immune cell compositions in 801 tumor samples and 46 normal samples, we constructed the diagnostic immune score (DIS), showing high specificity and sensitivity in the training (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] = 0.929), validation (AUC = 0.935), and different cancer type cohorts (AUC > 0.70 for all). We also established the prognostic immune score (PIS), which was an effective prognostic factor for relapse-free survival in training, validation, and entire cohorts (P < .05). In addition, PIS provided a higher net benefit than TNM stage. A composite nomogram was built based on PIS and patients' clinical information with well-fitted calibration curves (c-index = 0.84). We further used other cohorts from Gene Expression Omnibus databases and obtained similar results, confirming the reliability and validity of the DIS and PIS. In addition, the unsupervised clustering analysis using immune cell proportions revealed 6 immune subtypes, suggesting that the immune types defined as having relatively high levels of M0 or/and M1 macrophages were the high-risk subtypes of relapse. In conclusion, this study comprehensively analyzed the tumor immune microenvironment and identified DIS and PIS for digestive system cancers.

Indexed as

AgedBiomarkers, TumorDigestive System NeoplasmsFemaleHumansMacrophagesMaleMiddle AgedNomogramsPrognosisProportional Hazards ModelsTumor MicroenvironmentBiomarkers, Tumordiagnosisdigestive system cancerimmune cellprognosisTCGA

Identifiers

PMID31605436
PMCPMC6890448

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.