ArticleScientific reports2019
Worry and metacognitions as predictors of the development of anxiety and paranoia.
Article in Scientific reports, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- A prospective study of VR-assessed state paranoia and anxiety suggests threat-related developmental pathways in adolescence.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2026Article
- A latent profile analysis of positive psychotic symptoms and dissociative symptoms in the general population: their associations with childhood trauma and outcomes.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2026Article
- Prospective investigation of positive psychotic symptoms, dissociative symptoms, and metacognitive dysfunctions in a non-clinical population.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Validity and Reliability of the Metacognitions Questionnaire-30 (MCQ-30) among Chinese Adolescents.Child psychiatry and human development · 2025Article
- Examining the influence of two emotion regulation strategies on anxiety in Chinese college students: insights from cross-lagged and moderated network models.BMC psychology · 2025Article
- Elevated depression and anxiety predict future patterns of individualistic and collectivistic cultural values: A cross-lagged longitudinal network analysis.Journal of affective disorders · 2024Article
- The relationship between risk perception, anxiety and paranoia - A predictive model in a community sample.Journal of mood and anxiety disorders · 2024Article
- The role of loneliness and negative schemas in the moment-to-moment dynamics between social anxiety and paranoia.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- The psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on adults and children in the United Arab Emirates: a nationwide cross-sectional study.BMC psychiatry · 2021Article
- Identifying Resilience Factors of Distress and Paranoia During the COVID-19 Outbreak in Five Countries.Frontiers in psychology · 2021Article
- Paranoia and Grandiosity in the General Population: Differential Associations With Putative Causal Factors.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Article
- Perceived efficacy of COVID-19 restrictions, reactions and their impact on mental health during the early phase of the outbreak in six countries.Royal Society open science · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
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Abstract
Recent studies have shown that worry and related negative metacognitions are characteristic in generalized anxiety and paranoia respectively. However, most of these studies did not take into account common co-occurrence of anxiety and paranoia, and longitudinal modelling of the role of worry and metacognitions on the development of anxiety and paranoia is rare. The current study aimed at examining the bidirectional longitudinal relationship between anxiety and paranoia, as well as the importance of worry and metacognitions in the development of these symptoms. Our validated sample consisted of 2291 participants recruited from universities, among whom 1746 participants (76.21%) completed online questionnaires at baseline and at one year, reporting levels of anxiety, paranoia, worry, and negative metacognitions. Structural equation modeling analyses, followed by path comparisons, revealed that anxiety and paranoia mutually reinforced each other over time. Negative metacognitions, rather than worry itself, were contributive to the development of both symptoms over time. Negative metacognitions showed bi-directional relationships with anxiety over the time period assessed and showed uni-directional relationships with paranoia. Clinical implications of our findings are discussed.
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