ArticleBMJ open2019
Prevalence and correlates of long-term e-cigarette and nicotine replacement therapy use: a prospective study in England.
Article in BMJ open, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- The prevalence of electronic cigarettes vaping globally: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2022Pooled it
- Predictors of e-cigarette use among individuals with asthma: findings from a cross-sectional population-based study.Internal and emergency medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
- Prevalence and characteristics of ever regular use of non-combustible nicotine for 1 year or more: a population survey in England.Harm reduction journal · 2021Article
- Effectiveness and Safety Profile of Alternative Tobacco and Nicotine Products for Smoking Reduction and Cessation: A Systematic Review.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2021Review
- Smokers who have not tried alternative nicotine products: a 2019 survey of adults in Great Britain.Harm reduction journal · 2020Article
- Associations between dual use of e-cigarettes and smoking cessation: A prospective study of smokers in England.Addictive behaviors · 2020Article
- Expenditure on smoking and alternative nicotine delivery products: a population survey in England.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo examine the prevalence of, and sociodemographic and smoking-related characteristics associated with, long-term e-cigarette use compared with long-term nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) use.
designCross-sectional and prospective survey, the Smoking Toolkit Study, with baseline data collected between September 2014 and September 2016 and follow-ups at 6 and 12 months.
settingEngland.
participantsPopulation representative sample of 40 933 adults aged 16+ years.
main outcome measuresPrevalence of long-term (≥12 months) use of e-cigarettes and NRT by retrospective self-report among baseline respondents (all adults, n=40 933; smokers, n=8406) and current use at baseline, 6 months and 12 months in a subsample of smokers who responded to follow-up (n=733).
resultsOf baseline respondents, 1.5% (95% CI 1.4% to 1.6%, n=604) of adults and 3.9% (95% CI 3.5% to 4.3%, n=327) of smokers were long-term e-cigarette users and 0.5% (95% CI 0.4% to 0.6%, n=205) of adults and 1.3% (95% CI 1.1% to 1.5%, n=112) of smokers were long-term NRT users. Assessed prospectively, 13.4% (95% CI 10.9% to 15.9%, n=100) of smokers were long-term e-cigarette users and 1.9% (95% CI 0.9% to 2.9%, n=14) were long-term NRT users. Among all adults, long-term use by never smokers of either e-cigarettes (0.1%, n=27) or NRT (0.0%, n=7) was rare. Among past-year smokers, long-term e-cigarette and NRT use was higher among older smokers compared with those who were 16-34 years old (OR range=1.55-5.21). Long-term e-cigarette use only was lower in smokers who were less educated (OR=0.63, 95% CI 0.49 to 0.81), from social grades C2DE (OR=0.66, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.84) and with children in the household (OR=0.66, 95% CI 0.51 to 0.85). Long-term e-cigarette use and long-term NRT use were higher among smokers more motivated to quit (OR=2.05, 95% CI 1.63 to 2.60 and OR=2.33, 95% CI 1.57 to 3.46).
conclusionsIn the adult population in England, long-term use of e-cigarettes and long-term use of NRT are almost exclusively by current or ex-smokers. Only a minority of past-year smokers retrospectively report long-term e-cigarette or NRT use, but this figure may be an underestimate, especially for e-cigarette use, which is more than threefold higher when assessed prospectively.
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