Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31604130›Full record

Trial reportTravel medicine and infectious disease

Efficacy of directly-observed chloroquine-primaquine treatment for uncomplicated acute Plasmodium vivax malaria in northeast Myanmar: A prospective open-label efficacy trial.

Shiling Xu, Weilin Zeng, Huguette Gaelle Ngassa Mbenda, Huaie Liu, Xi Chen, Zheng Xiang, Cuiying Li, Yanmei Zhang, J Kevin Baird, Zhaoqing Yang and 1 more

Open access · greenAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Travel medicine and infectious disease. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
27citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
6.7field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

27 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  3. Pooled it
  4. Trial
  5. Article
  6. Efficacy of Primaquine for the Radical Cure of Plasmodium vivax Malaria in Northeast Myanmar and the Impact of Cytochrome P450 2D6 Genotypes.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025
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  10. Observational
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  13. PvMSP-3α and PvMSP-3β genotyping reveals higher genetic diversity in Plasmodium vivax parasites from migrant workers than residents at the China-Myanmar border.Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases · 2022
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  17. Prevalence ofMicroorganisms · 2022
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 3 institutions in 4 countries.

Shiling XuDepartment of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, PR China.
Weilin ZengDepartment of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, PR China.
Huguette Gaelle Ngassa MbendaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 3720 Spectrum Blvd, Suite 304, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
Huaie LiuDepartment of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, PR China.
Xi ChenDepartment of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, PR China.
Zheng XiangDepartment of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, PR China.
Cuiying LiDepartment of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, PR China.
Yanmei ZhangDepartment of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, PR China.
J Kevin BairdEijkman-Oxford Clinical Research Unit, Jalan Diponegoro No. 69, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia; Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom.
Zhaoqing YangDepartment of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, PR China. Electronic address: yangzhaoqing@kmmu.edu.cn.
Liwang CuiDepartment of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 3720 Spectrum Blvd, Suite 304, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA. Electronic address: liwangcui@usf.edu.
Kunming Medical University · CNUniversity of South Florida · USUniversity of Oxford · GB

Funding

Southeast Asia Malaria Research CenterU19AI089672 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA · PI CUI, LIWANG · 2010 to 2023
$28.9M
Molecular Mechanisms of Artemisinin ResistanceR01AI128940 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA · PI CUI, LIWANG · 2017 to 2021
$971k
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI128940NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI089672
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundChloroquine (CQ) and primaquine (PQ) remain the frontline drugs for radical cure of uncomplicated P. vivax malaria in the Greater Mekong Sub-region (GMS). Recent reports of decreased susceptibility of P. vivax to CQ in many parts of the GMS raise concerns.

methodsFrom April 2014 to September 2016, 281 patients with uncomplicated P. vivax infection attending clinics in border settlements for internally displaced people in northeast Myanmar were recruited into this study. Patients were treated with standard regimen of 3-day CQ and concurrent 14-day PQ (3.5 mg/kg total dose) as directly observed therapy, and followed for recurrent parasitemia within 28 days post-patency.

resultsWithin the 28-day follow-up period, seven patients developed recurrent parasitemia, resulting in a cumulative rate of parasite recurrence of 2.6%. Five of the seven parasitemias recurred within two weeks, and two of those failed to clear within seven days, indicating high-grade resistance.

conclusionAlthough failure of CQ/PQ treatment of P. vivax was relatively infrequent in northeast Myanmar, this study nonetheless confirms that CQ/PQ-resistant strains do circulate in this area, some of them of a highly resistant phenotype. It is thus recommended that patients who acquire vivax malaria in Myanmar be treated an artemisinin-combination therapy along with hypnozoitocidal primaquine therapy to achieve radical cure.

Indexed as

AntimalarialsMalaria, VivaxChloroquineHumansMaleMyanmarPlasmodium vivaxPrimaquineProspective StudiesTreatment OutcomeAntimalarialsChloroquinePrimaquineChloroquineDirectly observed therapyEfficacyPlasmodium vivaxResistance

Identifiers

PMID31604130
PMCPMC7816571
OpenAlexW2979839281

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.