Trial reportJournal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research2020
Effects of Estrogen Replacement on Bone Geometry and Microarchitecture in Adolescent and Young Adult Oligoamenorrheic Athletes: A Randomized Trial.
Trial report in Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
- 2025 Update to the Female Athlete Triad Coalition Consensus Statement Part 2: Clinical Guidelines for Screening, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Return to Play for Adolescents and Adults.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Guideline
- Effect of Transdermal Estradiol and Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 on Bone Endpoints of Young Women With Anorexia Nervosa.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2021Trial
- Severe Osteoporosis in a Young Woman With Type 1 Diabetes and Pancreatic Exocrine Insufficiency.Case reports in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Pharmacological vs. Non-Pharmacological Treatment in the Management of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The Women's Tennis Association (WTA) Multidisciplinary Education and Treatment Protocol for the Female Athlete Triad (1996-2022).Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Review
- Identification of novel potential drugs for the treatment and prevention of osteoarthritis.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2024Article
- Bone Health in Young Athletes: a Narrative Review of the Recent Literature.Current osteoporosis reports · 2023Review
- Bone stress injuries.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2022Review
- The female athlete triad: review of current literature.Current opinion in endocrinology, diabetes, and obesity · 2022Review
- The Path Towards Progress: A Critical Review to Advance the Science of the Female and Male Athlete Triad and Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2022Review
- Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea: Impact on bone and neuropsychiatric outcomes.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Review
- Bone Perspectives in Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhoea: An Update and Future Avenues.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Oligoamenorrheic athletes (OAs) have lower bone mineral density (BMD) and greater impairment of bone microarchitecture, and therefore higher fracture rates compared to eumenorrheic athletes. Although improvements in areal BMD (aBMD; measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) in OAs have been demonstrated with transdermal estrogen treatment, effects of such treatment on bone microarchitecture are unknown. Here we explore effects of transdermal versus oral estrogen versus no estrogen on bone microarchitecture in OA. Seventy-five OAs (ages 14 to 25 years) were randomized to (i) a 100-μg 17β-estradiol transdermal patch (PATCH) administered continuously with 200 mg cyclic oral micronized progesterone; (ii) a combined 30 μg ethinyl estradiol and 0.15 mg desogestrel pill (PILL); or (iii) no estrogen/progesterone (NONE) and were followed for 12 months. Calcium (≥1200 mg) and vitamin D (800 IU) supplements were provided to all. Bone microarchitecture was assessed using high-resolution peripheral quantitative CT at the distal tibia and radius at baseline and 1 year. At baseline, randomization groups did not differ by age, body mass index, percent body fat, duration of amenorrhea, vitamin D levels, BMD, or bone microarchitecture measurements. After 1 year of treatment, at the distal tibia there were significantly greater increases in total and trabecular volumetric BMD (vBMD), cortical area and thickness, and trabecular number in the PATCH versus PILL groups. Trabecular area decreased significantly in the PATCH group versus the PILL and NONE groups. Less robust differences between groups were seen at the distal radius, where percent change in cortical area and thickness was significantly greater in the PATCH versus PILL and NONE groups, and changes in cortical vBMD were significantly greater in the PATCH versus PILL groups. In conclusion, in young OAs, bone structural parameters show greater improvement after 1 year of treatment with transdermal 17β-estradiol versus ethinyl estradiol-containing pills, particularly at the tibia. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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