ArticlePublic health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)
Age-Standardized Mortality of Persons on Probation, in Jail, or in State Prison and the General Population, 2001-2012.
Article in Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974). The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- State-level changes in racial disparities in probation and parole rates in the United States, 2001-2018.American journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- "You can't incarcerate yourself out of the drug problem in America:" A qualitative examination of Colorado's 2022 Fentanyl criminalization law.Health & justice · 2025Article
- Association Between Recent Criminal Legal Involvement and Functional Status Among US Adults with Diabetes: 2015-2019.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2025Article
- Employment and mental health for adults on probation, 2002-2021.Journal of public health (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- Article
- The U.S. Criminal Legal System and Population Health.Current epidemiology reports · 2025Article
- Association between lifetime criminal legal involvement and acute healthcare utilization in middle-aged and older US adults, 2015-2019.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Mortality Disparities Among Arrestees by Race, Sentencing Disposition, and Place.JAMA health forum · 2024Observational
- Deaths among adults under supervision of the England and Wales' probation services: variation in individual and criminal justice-related factors by cause of death.Health & justice · 2024Article
- Documenting Competing Needs to Well-Being Among Those on Community Supervision in the South.Journal of correctional health care : the official journal of the National Commission on Correctional Health Care · 2024Article
- Opioid Misuse and Associated Health Risks among Adults on Probation and Parole: Prevalence and Correlates 2015-2020.Substance use & misuse · 2024Article
- "Nothing but a rope to hang yourself:" The toll of mass supervision on mental well-being.SSM. Mental health · 2023Article
- Mass probation: Temporal and geographic correlation of county-level probation rates & mental health in North Carolina.SSM. Mental health · 2023Article
- Association of substance use and other psychiatric disorders with all-cause and external-cause mortality in individuals given community sentences in Sweden: a national cohort study.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2023Article
- Jail Conditions And Mortality: Death Rates Associated With Turnover, Jail Size, And Population Characteristics.Health affairs (Project Hope) · 2023Article
- Collateral consequences of COVID-19 for people on probation and parole.Health & justice · 2023Article
- Increasing availability of COVID-19 vaccine to older adults under community supervision.International journal of prisoner health · 2023Article
- Beyond "pains" and "gains": untangling the health consequences of probation.Health & justice · 2022Article
- A retrospective, descriptive study of hepatitis C testing, prevalence, and care continuum among adults on probation.Health & justice · 2022Article
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3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesThe number of adults in the United States being held on probation-persons convicted of crimes and serving their sentence in the community rather than in a correctional facility-approached 4 million at the end of 2016 and continues to grow, yet little is known about the health and well-being of this population. We compared the standardized mortality ratios of persons on probation in the United States with persons in jail, persons in state prison, and the general US population.
methodsWe used administrative data from 2001-2012 from the Bureau of Justice Statistics and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention WONDER database and indirect standardization techniques to compare the mortality rates of persons on probation in 15 states with the mortality rates of persons in jail, persons in state prison, and the general US population. We applied the age-specific mortality rates of 3 populations (general US population, persons in jail, and persons in state prison) to the age distribution of persons on probation to estimate standardized mortality ratios.
resultsPersons on probation died at a rate 3.42 times higher than persons in jail, 2.81 times higher than persons in state prison, and 2.10 times higher than the general US population, after standardizing the age distribution of persons on probation relative to the other 3 groups.
conclusionsPublic health interventions should target persons on probation, who have received less attention from the public health community than persons serving sentences in jails and prisons.
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