ArticleAnesthesia, essays and researches
Comparative Study of Effectiveness of Tramadol and Butorphanol as Adjuvants to Levobupivacaine for Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block.
Article in Anesthesia, essays and researches. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Butorphanol decreased the median effective concentration of ropivacaine in ultrasound-guided interscalene brachial plexus block.PloS one · 2026Trial
- Butorphanol as an Adjuvant to Ropivacaine for Adductor Canal Blocks in Total Knee Arthroplasty Patients: A Randomized, Double, Blind Study.Journal of healthcare engineering · 2022Trial
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundButorphanol and tramadol, the synthetic opioid analgesics, have been used alone or in combination with a local anesthetic in supraclavicular brachial plexus block.
aimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the sensory and motor block characteristics with the addition of tramadol (100 mg) and butorphanol (2 mg) to levobupivacaine for supraclavicular brachial plexus anesthesia. SETTINGS AND
designThis study was a prospective, randomized, double-blind, and comparative study. MATERIALS AND
methodsPatients were randomly allocated to three groups of 30 each. Group A received 0.5% levobupivacaine (25 mL) and saline in 5 mL, Group B received 0.5% levobupivacaine in 30 mL with 100 mg tramadol, and Group C received 0.5% levobupivacaine in 30 mL with 2 mg butorphanol. The duration of sensory block was evaluated as a primary outcome and other parameters as secondary outcomes. STATISTICAL TESTS: Statistical analyses were performed using Chi-square test for nonparametric data and analysis of variance for parametric data.
resultsOnset time of sensory block was fast and comparable in both Group B and C as compared to Group A (
conclusionButorphanol (2 mg) as an adjuvant to levobupivacaine in supraclavicular block hastens the onset and prolongs the duration of the block as well as postoperative analgesia to a greater extent as compared to the addition of 100 mg tramadol.
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Registered trials
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