ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2019
Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene: Linkages with Stunting in Rural Ethiopia.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A systematic review of water, sanitation, and hygiene practices in developing countries: exploring the effects on public health.BMC public health · 2026Pooled it
- Associations between exposure to nutrition, WASH interventions and children's academic performance in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2026Pooled it
- Water, sanitation and hygiene interventions and the prevention and treatment of childhood acute malnutrition: A systematic review.Maternal & child nutrition · 2022Pooled it
- Short Birth Intervals and Long-Term Stunting Risk in Indonesian Children: A Retrospective Cohort Study Using the Indonesian Family Life Survey.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Cultural barriers to stunting prevention: a case study of the Baduy indigenous tribe in Indonesia.Frontiers in sociology · 2026Article
- Prevalence and correlates of malnutrition among children aged 6-59 months in the rural areas of Embu County, Kenya: a cross-sectional study.The Pan African medical journal · 2026Article
- Investigating the Impact of Drinking Water on Urban Stunting in Indonesia.Yonago acta medica · 2025Article
- Estimating pathways affecting stunting in families with children under aged 5 years.Journal of public health research · 2025Article
- Effect of a 6-Month Functional Food Intervention on the Microbiota of Stunted Children in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia-A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Parallel Trial.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Stunting Among Low-Income Families in Indonesia: Is Mother's Employment a Risk Factor?Journal of research in health sciences · 2025Article
- A multilevel analysis of factors associated with stunting among children under five years in Lesotho: a study of the lesotho multiple cluster indicator survey 2018.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Article
- The accuracy of a novel stunting risk detection application based on nutrition and sanitation indicators in children aged under five years.BMC nutrition · 2025Article
- Improved sanitation and co-occurrence of anemia and stunting in Indonesian children: A retrospective cohort study.Narra J · 2025Article
- Identification of amendable risk factors for childhood stunting at individual, household and community levels in Northern Province, Rwanda - a cross-sectional population-based study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Strategies to promote uptake and sustainability of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) interventions in basic education institutions in conflict settings: a scoping review of the Horn of Africa.BMJ public health · 2025Article
- Inequality of opportunity in child nutrition in Pakistan.PloS one · 2025Article
- Geospatial Distribution and Determinants of Undernutrition Among Children Under Five in Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia.Journal of nutrition and metabolism · 2025Article
- Water quality assessment of Upper Ganga and Yamuna river systems during COVID-19 pandemic-induced lockdown: imprints of river rejuvenation.Geochemical transactions · 2024Article
- Factors influencing stunted growth in children: A study in Bandung regency focusing on a deworming program.Parasite epidemiology and control · 2024Article
- The role of national nutrition programs on stunting reduction in Rwanda using machine learning classifiers: a retrospective study.BMC nutrition · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Stunting is a global burden affecting nearly 160 million children younger than five years of age. Whilst the linkages between nutrition and stunting are well recognized, there is a need to explore environmental factors such as water and sanitation, which may influence feeding practices and result in potential infection pathways. This paper explores the linkages between stunting and water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) factors in Ethiopia, which is a relatively understudied context. The research draws upon baseline data for children under the age of five from 3200 households across four regions in Ethiopia as part of a wider study and integrated program led by the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF). Using World Health Organization (WHO) z-scoring, the average stunting rate in the sample is 47.5%. This paper also takes into account demographic and social behavioural factors such as the age, gender of children, and gender of the primary caregiver, in addition to handwashing behaviour and drinking water facilities. The evidence recommends efforts to improve handwashing behaviour for mothers and children with a focus on access to clean water. Higher stunting rates with an increase in the age of children highlight the need for continued interventions, as efforts to improve nutrition and WASH behaviours are most effective early on in promoting long-term health outcomes for children.
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