ReviewCancers2019
Validation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Experimental Models for TGF-β Promoting Tumor Progression.
Review in Cancers, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- The hidden players: LncRNA-Encoded micropeptides in cancer hallmarks.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2026Review
- New Experimental Mouse Models to Evaluate the Role of Transforming Growth Factor-Beta in Liver Tumorigenesis.Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver · 2025Article
- Inhibiting the TGF-β1 Pathway Reduces the Aggressiveness of Intrahepatic CCA HuCCT1 CD90-Positive Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Investigating the role of transforming growth factor-beta/transforming growth factor-beta receptor in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma through the Salvador-Warts-Hippo pathway.International journal of molecular and cellular medicine · 2025Article
- Targeting cancer-associated fibroblasts/tumor cells cross-talk inhibits intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma progression via cell-cycle arrest.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2024Article
- Autotaxin-Lysophosphatidate Axis: Promoter of Cancer Development and Possible Therapeutic Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Selective refueling of CAR T cells using ADA1 and CD26 boosts antitumor immunity.Cell reports. Medicine · 2024Article
- Transcriptomic evidence for tumor-specific beneficial or adverse effects of TGFβ pathway inhibition on the prognosis of patients with liver cancer.FEBS open bio · 2023Article
- A micropeptide JunBP regulated by TGF-β promotes hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis.Oncogene · 2023Article
- TGF-beta signal transduction: biology, function and therapy for diseases.Molecular biomedicine · 2022Review
- The Tumor Microenvironment Drives Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Progression.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Chemotherapeutic Drug-Regulated Cytokines Might Influence Therapeutic Efficacy in HCC.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Complex Tumor Spheroid Formation and One-Step Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Purification from Hepatocellular Carcinoma Tissue Promoted by Inorganic Surface Topography.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Critical signaling pathways governing hepatocellular carcinoma behavior; small molecule-based approaches.Cancer cell international · 2021Review
- Mechanisms by Which Probiotic Bacteria Attenuate the Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Distinct functions of transforming growth factor-β signaling in c-MYC driven hepatocellular carcinoma initiation and progression.Cell death & disease · 2021Article
- MiR-130a-3p Alleviates Liver Fibrosis by Suppressing HSCs Activation and Skewing Macrophage to Ly6CFrontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Article
- Review
- Hepatocellular Carcinoma Genetic Classification.Cancer journal (Sudbury, Mass.)Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is a pleiotropic cytokine with dual role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It acts as tumor-suppressor and tumor-promoter in the early and late stage respectively. TGF-β influences the tumor-stroma cross-talk affecting the tumoral microenvironment. Therefore, inhibiting the TGF- β mediated pathway alone and/or in combination with chemotherapeutics represents an important therapeutic option. Experimental models to dissect the role of TGF-β in HCC tumor progression as well as the effectiveness of specific inhibitors are tricky. HCC cell lines respond to TGF-β according to their epithelial phenotype. However, the mesenchymal and more aggressive HCC cell lines in vitro, do not develop tumors when transplanted in vivo, thus hampering the understanding of molecular pathways that dictate outcome. In addition, in this model the native immune system is abolished, therefore the contribution of inflammation in hepatocarcinogenesis is unreliable. Different strategies have been set up to engineer HCC animal models, including genetically modified mice, chemically induced HCC, or hydrodynamic techniques. Patient-derived xenograft is currently probably the most fascinating model, keeping in mind that models cannot mirror all the reality. In this context, we discuss the different available HCC mouse models including our experimental model treated with inhibitor of TGF-β receptor Type I kinase (Galunisertib) and a potential role of exosomes in TGF-β moderated tumor progression of HCC. Unfortunately, no positive results were obtained in our treated orthotopic model because it does not reproduce the critical tumor-stroma interactions of the HCC.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.