Observational studySleep medicine2019
Do apneas and hypopneas best reflect risk for poor outcomes after stroke?
Observational study in Sleep medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Post-stroke sleep disturbance and recurrent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Sleep medicine · 2023Pooled it
- The prevalence and associations of stroke history with self-reported sleep disturbances in China: a nationwide cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Establishment and Validation of a Predictive Model in Female Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea.Women's health reports (New Rochelle, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- Up-to-date advance in the relationship between OSA and stroke: a narrative review.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2024Review
- Disparities in oxygen saturation and hypoxic burden levels in obstructive sleep apnoea patient's response to oral appliance treatment.Journal of oral rehabilitation · 2022Article
- Socioeconomic inequalities in pediatric obstructive sleep apnea.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
OBJECTIVE/
backgroundSleep apnea (SA) is associated with poor outcomes after stroke. The best sleep apnea-related measure to capture this relationship is currently unknown. This measure or its underlying pathophysiology could serve as a treatment target. PATIENTS/
methodsWithin the population-based Brain Attack Surveillance in Corpus Christi (BASIC) project, the ApneaLink Plus was used to perform sleep apnea tests shortly after ischemic stroke (2010-2015). Functional and cognitive outcomes were measured via in-person interviews 90-days post-stroke. Recurrent stroke was assessed longitudinally through active and passive surveillance procedures. After standardization to allow direct comparisons, adjusted models were built for each ApneaLink Plus measure and each outcome, to assess the effect of 1 standard deviation difference in the measure.
resultsAmong 995 subjects, median age was 67 years (interquartile range: 59, 78) and 52% were women. The respiratory event index had the strongest relationship with functional outcome (mean difference = 0.094, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.040, 0.147). Desaturations ≤85% were associated with worse functional outcome (mean difference = 0.016, 95% CI: 0.002, 0.030), but desaturations ≤ 90% were not. Obstructive apnea index (OAI) showed the strongest association with cognitive outcome (mean difference = -0.079, 95% CI: -0.162, 0.005), but was not significant. Oxygen desaturation index (ODI) showed the strongest association with recurrent ischemic stroke (hazard ratio = 1.338, 95% CI: 1.016, 1.759).
conclusionsMeasurements easily obtained from a commonly used home sleep apnea test predicted outcomes differentially. This suggests the possibility of different SA-associated targets (perhaps using strategies more tolerable than standard treatment) based on the outcome of interest.
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