ArticlePublic health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)
Black and White Differences in Life Expectancy in 4 US States, 1969-2013.
Article in Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974). The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Bayesian inference in racial health inequity analyses for noncommunicable diseases: a systematic review.Systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Life course socioeconomic position, intergenerational social mobility, and mortality among Brazilian public servants in the ELSA-Brasil cohort.Cadernos de saude publica · 2025Article
- Cause-Specific Mortality and Racial Differentials in Life Expectancy, Chicago 2018-2019.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2024Article
- Declining life expectancy in the Great Lakes region: contributors to Black and white longevity change across educational attainment.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Life Expectancy Gaps Among Black and White Persons and Contributing Causes of Death in 3 Large US Cities, 2018-2019.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Black:White Health Inequalities, Genes Versus Environment-A New Chapter?Ethnicity & disease · 2023Article
- Persistence, Impairment, Disability and Unmet Treatment of Lifetime and 12-Month Anxiety Disorders in Black Men and Women, 50 Years of Age and Older.Journal of aging and health · 2022Article
- Disparities in excess deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic among migrant workers in Kuwait.BMC public health · 2021Article
- Elucidating the role of the gastrointestinal microbiota in racial and ethnic health disparities.Genome biology · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesRacial differences in mortality in the United States have narrowed and vary by time and place. The objectives of our study were to (1) examine the gap in life expectancy between white and black persons (hereinafter, racial gap in life expectancy) in 4 states (California, Georgia, Illinois, and New York) and (2) estimate trends in the contribution of major causes of death (CODs) to the racial gap in life expectancy by age group.
methodsWe extracted data on the number of deaths and population sizes for 1969-2013 by state, sex, race, age group, and 6 major CODs. We used a Bayesian time-series model to smooth and impute mortality rates and decomposition methods to estimate trends in sex- and age-specific contributions of CODs to the racial gap in life expectancy.
resultsThe racial gap in life expectancy at birth decreased in all 4 states, especially among men in New York (from 8.8 to 1.1 years) and women in Georgia (from 8.0 to 1.7 years). Although few deaths occurred among persons aged 1-39, racial differences in mortality at these ages (mostly from injuries and infant mortality) contributed to the racial gap in life expectancy, especially among men in California (1.0 year of the 4.3-year difference in 2013) and Illinois (1.9 years of the 6.7-year difference in 2013). Cardiovascular deaths contributed most to the racial gap in life expectancy for adults aged 40-64, but contributions decreased among women aged 40-64, especially in Georgia (from 2.8 to 0.5 years). The contribution of cancer deaths to inequality increased in California and Illinois, whereas New York had the greatest reductions in inequality attributable to cancer deaths (from 0.6 to 0.2 years among men and from 0.2 to 0 years among women).
conclusionsFuture research should identify policy innovations and economic changes at the state level to better understand New York's success, which may help other states emulate its performance.
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