ArticleHuman brain mapping2020
Age of acquisition impacts the brain differently depending on neuroanatomical metric.
Article in Human brain mapping, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Does bilingualism come with linguistic costs? A meta-analytic review of the bilingual lexical deficit.Psychonomic bulletin & review · 2023Pooled it
- The Effect of AoA-L2 on Functional Network Dynamics in Bilinguals.Brain topography · 2026Article
- Associations between brain structure and both language proficiency and language balance in early bilinguals.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Neuroanatomical differences in early bilingual and monolingual children.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- A discovery and replication study of dyslexia does not reveal reproducible gray matter volume differences.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Reciprocal Role of Semantic Meaning in Affective Processing in L2: Evidence from Uyghur-Mandarin Bilinguals.Journal of psycholinguistic research · 2026Article
- Brain gray matter morphometry relates to onset age of bilingualism and theory of mind in young and older adults.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Cortical Thickness Is Related to Variability in Heritage Bilingual Language Proficiency.Translational issues in psychological science · 2023Article
- The neuroanatomical consequences and pathological implications of bilingualism.Journal of anatomy · 2022Review
- Bilingualism and creativity across development: Evidence from divergent thinking and convergent thinking.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2022Article
- Dynamic Effects of Immersive Bilingualism on Cortical and Subcortical Grey Matter Volumes.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
- Cortical Thickness in bilingual and monolingual children: Relationships to language use and language skill.NeuroImage · 2021Article
- Age of Acquisition of Mandarin Modulates Cortical Thickness in High-Proficient Cantonese-Mandarin Bidialectals.Journal of psycholinguistic research · 2021Article
- Clear Theories Are Needed to Interpret Differences: Perspectives on the Bilingual Advantage Debate.Neurobiology of language (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2021Review
- Discourse-Level Information Recall in Early and Late Bilinguals: Evidence From Single-Language and Cross-Linguistic Tasks.Frontiers in psychology · 2021Article
- Age of acquisition impacts the brain differently depending on neuroanatomical metric.Human brain mapping · 2020Article
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4 authors.
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Abstract
Although researchers generally agree that a certain set of brain areas underlie bilingual language processing, there is discrepancy regarding what effect timing of language acquisition has on these regions. We aimed to investigate the neuroanatomical correlates of age of acquisition (AoA), which has been examined previously, but with inconsistent results, likely influenced by methodological differences across studies. We analyzed gray matter density, volume, and thickness using whole-brain linear models in 334 bilinguals and monolinguals. Neuroanatomical correlates of AoA differed depending on gray matter metric. Relative to early bilinguals, late bilinguals had thicker cortex in language processing and cognitive control regions, and greater density in multiple frontal areas and the right middle temporal and supramarginal gyri. Early bilinguals had greater volume than late bilinguals in the left middle temporal gyrus. Overall, volume was the least sensitive to AoA-related differences. Multiple regions not classically implicated in dual-language processing were also found, which highlights the important role of whole-brain analyses in neuroscience. This is the first study to investigate AoA and gray matter thickness, volume, and density all in the same sample. We conclude that cognitive models of bilingualism should consider the roles of development and neuroanatomical metric in driving our understanding of bilingual and monolingual language organization.
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