ArticleEndocrinology2019
Inflammatory Stimuli Trigger Increased Androgen Production and Shifts in Gene Expression in Theca-Interstitial Cells.
Article in Endocrinology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Six-month randomized, placebo controlled trial of synbiotic supplementation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome undergoing lifestyle modifications.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2025Trial
- Effects of interleukin-1 receptor antagonism in women with polycystic ovary syndrome-the FertIL trial.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Trial
- Antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of monoterpene linalool in rats with letrozole-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome: modulation of autophagy and apoptosis.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Article
- Metformin improves endotoxemia and alters folliculogenesis in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.Endocrine connections · 2026Article
- From Seed to Therapy: Sesamin and Phytosterols of Sesamum indicum in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Ovarian Cancer.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2026Review
- Androgenetic alopecia in polycystic ovary syndrome: a cutaneous marker of systemic metabo-inflammatory and endocrine dysfunction.Endocrine connections · 2026Review
- Ocimum tenuiflorum L. extracts attenuate polycystic ovarian syndrome in letrozole treated female Wistar rats through modulation of iNOS, COX-2, IL-1β and TNF-α.Journal of molecular histology · 2026Article
- The Skeletal Muscle as an Endocrine Firewall: Mitigating Metabolic Endotoxemia and Insulin Resistance in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.Current obesity reports · 2026Review
- Gut microbiome dysbiosis in PCOS: from pathogenesis to microbiome-targeted therapies.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Natural killer cell dysregulation in polycystic ovary syndrome: immunometabolic and reproductive implication.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Exosomes for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Treatment: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- On the Intimate Relationship of Adiposity to Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Review
- Betaine alleviates letrozole-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome in rats by regulating oxidative stress and inflammation and restoring the proliferation-apoptosis balance.Journal of ovarian research · 2025Article
- Breaking the metabolic-inflammatory vicious cycle in polycystic ovary syndrome: a comparative review of ketogenic and high-fat diets.Lipids in health and disease · 2025Review
- Review
- Recognizing the Role of Insulin Resistance in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Paradigm Shift from a Glucose-Centric Approach to an Insulin-Centric Model.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- The role of microbiota and toll-like receptors in polycystic ovary syndrome: regulatory mechanisms of androgen metabolism.Endocrine connections · 2025Review
- Pro-inflammatory cytokines disruptFrontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Unraveling the pathogenic interplay between SARS-CoV-2 and polycystic ovary syndrome using bioinformatics and experimental validation.Scientific reports · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common reproductive endocrine disorder characterized by theca cell hyperplasia and excessive androgen production. An increasing body of evidence has pointed to a close association between PCOS and low-grade chronic systemic inflammation. However, the mechanistic basis for this linkage is unknown. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of the inflammatory agents lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and IL-1β on rat theca-interstitial cells (TICs). We found that incubation with either LPS or IL-1β elicited a dose-dependent increase in both TIC viability and androgen production. Using RNA sequencing analysis, we found that both of these inflammatory agents also triggered profound and widespread shifts in gene expression. Using a stringent statistical cutoff, LPS and IL-1β elicited differential expression of 5201 and 5953 genes, respectively. Among the genes upregulated by both LPS and IL-1β were key regulatory genes involved in the cholesterol and androgen biosynthesis pathways, including Cyp17a1, Cyp11a1, Hsd3b, and Hmgcr. This provides a molecular explanation for the mechanism of action of inflammatory agents leading to increased androgen production. Gene ontology and pathway analysis revealed that both LPS and IL-1β regulated genes highly enriched for many common functions, including the immune response and apoptosis. However, a large number of genes (n = 2222) were also uniquely regulated by LPS and IL-1β, indicating that these inflammatory mediators have substantial differences in their mechanism of action. Together, these findings highlight the potential molecular mechanisms through which chronic low-grade inflammation contributes to the pathogenesis of androgen excess in PCOS.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.