ArticlePopulation research and policy review2019
BEYOND RACE/ETHNICITY: SKIN COLOR, GENDER, AND THE HEALTH OF YOUNG ADULTS IN THE UNITED STATES.
Article in Population research and policy review, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed.
- Colorism and Sexual Health: A Rapid Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Review
- Experiences of In-Group and Out-Group Skin Tone Discrimination and Their Associations with Incident Cardiovascular Disease Among African American Adults in the Jackson Heart Study.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Skin color stratification and sleep duration: Evidence from a nationally representative sample.Sleep health · 2026Article
- A Systematic Review of the Effectiveness of Assessing Skin Changes for Chronic Venous Insufficiency in People With Dark Skin Tones and the Impact on the Patient Journey and Clinical Care.International journal of vascular medicine · 2026Review
- Review
- Rethinking the use of population descriptors in dermatology trials and beyond: disentangling race and ethnicity from skin color.Archives of dermatological research · 2025Article
- Associations between perceived discrimination over the life course, subjective social status, and health literacy: A racial/ethnic stratification analysis.PEC innovation · 2024Article
- Skin diseases among the tribal population of Kerala: the challenges and way forward.International journal for equity in health · 2024Article
- Skin Color Analysis of Various Body Parts (Forearm, Upper Arm, Elbow, Knee, and Shin) and Changes with Age in 53 Korean Women, Considering Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- DECODING STROKE DISPARITIES: ZIP CODES, COLOR CODES, AND EPIGENETIC CODES.Transactions of the American Clinical and Climatological Association · 2024Article
- Prevalence of and Factors Associated With High Blood Pressure at 15 Years of Age: A Birth Cohort Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2023Article
- Instrumental Variable Analysis of Racial Discrimination and Blood Pressure in a Sample of Young Adults.American journal of epidemiology · 2023Article
- Shades of health: Skin color, ethnicity, and mental health among Black Americans.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2022Article
- The Phenotypic, Psychological, and Social Interplays of Skin Color and Developmental Outcomes among Mexican-origin Adolescents: Dismantling Systems of Racism and Oppression during Adolescence: Dismantling Systems of Racism and Oppression during Adolescence.Journal of research on adolescence : the official journal of the Society for Research on Adolescence · 2022Article
- Subjective Social Status and Cardiometabolic Risk Markers by Intersectionality of Race/Ethnicity and Sex Among U.S. Young Adults.Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine · 2022Article
- Skin Tone, Race/Ethnicity, and Gender Differences in BMI among New US Immigrants.Ethnicity & disease · 2022Article
- Skin Tone and Perceived Discrimination: Health and Aging Beyond the Binary in NSHAP 2015.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2021Article
- Recasting the Immigrant Health Paradox Through Intersections of Legal Status and Race.Journal of immigrant and minority health · 2021Review
- Skin Tone, Discrimination, and Allostatic Load in Middle-Aged and Older Puerto Ricans.Psychosomatic medicine · 2021Article
- It's Sunny, Be Healthy? An International Comparison of the Influence of Sun Exposure and Latitude Lines on Self-Rated Health.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Researchers typically identify health disparities using self-reported race/ethnicity, a measure identifying individuals' social and cultural affiliations. In this study, we use data from Waves 1, 3, and 4 of Add Health to examine health disparities by interviewer-ascribed skin color, a measure capturing the perceptions of race/ethnicity ascribed to individuals by others. Individuals with darker skin tones may face greater exposure to serious stressors such as perceived discrimination, poverty, and economic hardship which can accumulate over the lifecourse and increase the likelihood of poor health. We found significant gradients in Body Mass Index (BMI), obesity, self-reported health, and depressive symptoms by interviewer-ascribed skin color but results differed by gender. Associations of BMI, obesity, and fair/poor health among women were only partially mediated by discrimination, self-reported stress, or low socio-economic status and persisted after controlling for race/ethnicity. Among men, initial associations between skin color and both fair/poor health and depressive symptoms did not persist after controlling for race/ethnicity. This study demonstrates the value of considering stratification by skin color and gender in conjunction with race/ethnicity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.