Observational studyThorax2020
Pneumococcal serotype trends, surveillance and risk factors in UK adult pneumonia, 2013-18.
Observational study in Thorax, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 112 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review on serotypes distribution of pneumococcal pneumonia in adults and the elderly.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- Serotype distribution of invasive and non-invasive pneumococcal disease in adults ≥65 years of age following the introduction of 10- and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in infant national immunization programs: a systematic literature review.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- A Phase 3 Clinical Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of V116 in Pneumococcal Vaccine-Experienced Adults 50 Years of Age or Older (STRIDE-6).Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2024Trial
- Persistent Dominance of Serotype 3 in Noninvasive Pneumococcal Disease in Belgium (2022-2025).Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Serotype distribution and coverage by pneumococcal vaccines in hospitalised adults with pneumococcal pneumonia in Germany.ERJ open research · 2026Article
- Cost-effectiveness and return on investment of 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine use among adults in England: analysis from the societal perspective.Cost effectiveness and resource allocation : C/E · 2026Article
- Kinetic profile and mucosal capsular polysaccharide IgG responses to serotype 3 pneumococcus in the adult oropharynx following an experimental human challenge.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Global distribution and characteristics of pneumococcal serotypes in adults.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Review
- Rationale and design of the Pneumococcal Pneumonia Epidemiology, Urine Serotyping and Mental Outcomes (PNEUMO) study Europe.ERJ open research · 2025Article
- The role of molecular diagnostics in pleural empyema: insights from a 4-year analysis of microbial trends and antimicrobial use.Journal of medical microbiology · 2025Article
- Trends of serotypes and resistance among Streptococcus pneumoniae in the UK and Ireland (1999-2019).The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2025Article
- Article
- Alterations in the prevalence and serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae in elderly patients with community-acquired pneumonia: a meta-analysis and systematic review.Pneumonia (Nathan Qld.) · 2025Review
- Description and characterization of pneumococcal community acquired pneumonia (CAP) among radiologically confirmed CAP in outpatients.NPJ primary care respiratory medicine · 2025Observational
- Article
- Non-invasiveEuro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2024Article
- A genome-wide association study of adults with community-acquired pneumonia.Respiratory research · 2024Article
- Serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae in China among children under 14 years of age post-implementation of the PCV13: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2017-2024).Pneumonia (Nathan Qld.) · 2024Review
- Radiographically confirmed pneumonia in Malawian children and associated pneumococcal carriage after introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine.Pneumonia (Nathan Qld.) · 2024Article
- Hospital Burden of All-Cause Pneumonia and Nonbacteremic Pneumococcal Pneumonia in Adults in France Between 2013 and 2019.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
18 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundChanges over the last 5 years (2013-18) in the serotypes implicated in adult pneumococcal pneumonia and the patient groups associated with vaccine-type disease are largely unknown.
methodsWe conducted a population-based prospective cohort study of adults admitted to two large university hospitals with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) between September 2013 and August 2018. Pneumococcal serotypes were identified using a novel 24-valent urinary monoclonal antibody assay and from blood cultures. Trends in incidence rates were compared against national invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) data. Persons at risk of vaccine-type pneumonia (pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV)13 and pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV)23) were determined from multivariate analyses.
findingsOf 2934 adults hospitalised with CAP, 1075 (36.6%) had pneumococcal pneumonia. The annual incidence of pneumococcal pneumonia increased from 32.2 to 48.2 per 100 000 population (2013-18), predominantly due to increases in PCV13non7-serotype and non-vaccine type (NVT)-serotype pneumonia (annual incidence rate ratio 1.12, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.21 and 1.19, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.28, respectively). Incidence trends were broadly similar to IPD data. PCV13non7 (56.9% serotype 3) and PPV23non13 (44.1% serotype 8) serotypes were identified in 349 (32.5%) and 431 (40.1%) patients with pneumococcal pneumonia, respectively. PCV13-serotype pneumonia (dominated by serotype 3) was more likely in patients in the UK pneumococcal vaccination clinical risk group (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.73, 95% CI 1.31 to 2.28) while PPV23-serotype pneumonia was more likely in patients outside the clinical risk group (aOR 1.54, 95% CI 1.13 to 2.10).
interpretationThe incidence of pneumococcal CAP is increasing, predominantly due to NVT serotypes and serotype 3. PPV23-serotype pneumonia is more likely in adults outside currently identified clinical risk groups.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.