Trial reportJournal of the American Heart Association2019
Change in Cardiometabolic Risk Factors Associated With Magnitude of Weight Regain 3 Years After a 1-Year Intensive Lifestyle Intervention in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: The Look AHEAD Trial.
Trial report in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00017953 (Look AHEAD), which is not on this map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Look AHEAD: Action for Health in Diabetes
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Weight Loss Improves Predicted 10-Year MACE and Type 2 Diabetes Risk, but Benefits Partially Rebound at 1 Year.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2026Trial
- Weight Regain Reverses Caloric Restriction-Induced Benefits on the Insulin-IGF-1 Nutrient-Sensing Pathway: Post Hoc Analysis From the CALERIE-2 Randomized Controlled Trial.Diabetes care · 2026Trial
- Body weight time in target range and cardiovascular outcomes in adults with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes.European journal of preventive cardiology · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Change in Cardiometabolic Risk Factors Associated With Magnitude of Weight Regain 3 Years After a 1-Year Intensive Lifestyle Intervention in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: The Look AHEAD Trial.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2019Trial
- Role of Physical Activity in Obesity Treatment and Cardiometabolic Health: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.Circulation · 2026Review
- Tirzepatide for the Maintenance of Body Weight Reduction: Rationale, Design, and Baseline Characteristics of SURMOUNT-MAINTAIN.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2025Article
- Physician Perceptions of the Safety and Efficacy of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: Underestimation of Cardiovascular Risk Reduction and Discrepancies with Clinical Evidence.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2025Article
- The Impact of a Nutritional Intervention on Glycemic Control and Cardiovascular Risk Markers in Type 2 Diabetes.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Association of Body Weight Time in Target Range With the Risk of Kidney Outcomes in Patients With Overweight/Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Diabetes care · 2024Article
- Innate immune memory in cardiometabolic disease.Cardiovascular research · 2024Review
- Body Fat Depletion: the Yin Paradigm for Treating Type 2 Diabetes.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2024Review
- A pilot community-based Diabetes Prevention and Management Program for adults with diabetes and prediabetes.Journal of clinical and translational science · 2024Article
- Nutritional Strategies for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2023Review
- Obesity and the risk of cardiometabolic diseases.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2023Review
- Tirzepatide for the treatment of obesity: Rationale and design of the SURMOUNT clinical development program.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2023Article
- Observational
- Cardiovascular effects of intensive lifestyle intervention in adults with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes according to body weight time in range.EClinicalMedicine · 2022Article
- Sexual dimorphism in cardiometabolic health: the role of adipose tissue, muscle and liver.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Background Weight regain after weight loss is common. The impact on cardiometabolic risk factors is not well established. Methods and Results Publicly available data were analyzed from participants of the Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) trial with ≥3% initial weight loss (n=1561) during a 1-year intensive lifestyle intervention and with year 4 follow-up data. Participants who regained (regainers) or maintained (maintainers) weight loss were defined with 5 dichotomized cut points (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) of percentage weight loss regained (weight change from years 1-4 as percentage of first year weight loss). Change in cardiometabolic risk factors after initial weight loss was compared in maintainers and regainers, after controlling for demographics, medications, and baseline and year 1 change in body mass index. The effect was assessed separately in participants with <10% and ≥10% initial weight loss, and women and men. Maintainers exhibited significant improvements to the cardiometabolic risk factors assessed compared with regainers. No weight regain cut point maximized risk difference between maintainers and regainers across risk factors or sex/initial weight loss subgroups. For many risk factors, allowing more regain as part of maintenance (increasing cut point) diminished the cardiometabolic benefit among maintainers. Conclusions Maintaining weight loss was better than regain for all risk factors. No single cut point maximized the risk difference between maintainers and regainers. Maintainers who kept off ≥75% of weight lost had the greatest benefit. These findings emphasize the importance of intervention programs focusing not only on weight loss but weight loss maintenance, given the adverse consequences of the latter. Clinical Trial Registration URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00017953.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.