ArticleScandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports2020
Physical health and symptoms of relative energy deficiency in female fitness athletes.
Article in Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- A literature review of biomarkers used for diagnosis of relative energy deficiency in sport.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2024Pooled it
- Eating-disorder psychopathology in female athletes and non-athletes: A meta-analysis.The International journal of eating disorders · 2022Pooled it
- A systematic review: Role of dietary supplements on markers of exercise-associated gut damage and permeability.PloS one · 2022Pooled it
- Seasonal changes in energy intake and emerging indicators of energy availability in young elite Nordic skiers.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2026Article
- Benchmarking machine learning architectures for menstrual recovery prediction using physiologically informed synthetic wearable data.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Considerations of Fertility in Elite Sportswomen: A Narrative Review.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2026Review
- Low Energy Availability and Its Impact on Bone Health and Metabolism in Athletes: A Narrative Review.Physiological research · 2025Review
- The impact of low energy availability risk on pre-competition physiological function in Chinese female combat athletes.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2025Article
- Low-Energy Availability Indicators Among Female Adolescents After Concussion: A Comparison With Uninjured Controls.Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2025Article
- Lower Prevalence of Disordered Eating Behaviours Among Norwegian Female Athletes Compared to Non-Athletes: A Cross-Sectional Survey Using the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire.European journal of sport science · 2025Article
- Boston Marathon athlete performance outcomes and intra-event medical encounter risk associated with low energy availability indicators.British journal of sports medicine · 2025Article
- Utilization of Nutritional Supplements by South African Chiropractors in the Management of Musculoskeletal Conditions in Runners: A Qualitative Exploration.Journal of chiropractic medicine · 2025Article
- Does Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs) Syndrome Exist?Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Review
- Monitoring fatigue state with heart rate-based and subjective methods during intensified training in recreational runners.European journal of sport science · 2024Article
- Peak Week Carbohydrate Manipulation Practices in Physique Athletes: A Narrative Review.Sports medicine - open · 2024Review
- Exploring the relationship between low energy availability, depression and eating disorders in female athletes: a cross-sectional study.BMJ open sport & exercise medicine · 2024Article
- Article
- Dietary Intake, Serum Hormone Concentrations, Amenorrhea and Bone Mineral Density of Physique Athletes and Active Gym Enthusiasts.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Effects of Impulsivity on Competitive Anxiety in Female Athletes: The Mediating Role of Mindfulness Trait.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Intervention in professional dance students to increase mental health- and nutrition literacy: A controlled trial with follow up.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
introductionCompeting in aesthetic sports increases the risk of low energy availability and associated health impairments. Fitness physique sport is a popular, but understudied aesthetic sport. We evaluated health and symptoms of relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-s) in female fitness athletes (FA) and female references (FR) during a competitive season.
methodsTotally, 25 FA and 26 FR, mean (SD) age of 28.9 (5.7), were included. Assessments were at baseline (T1), 2-weeks pre-competition (T2), and 1-month post-competition (T3), by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scan, indirect calorimetry, diet registration, The Low Energy Availability in Females Questionnaire, The Beck Depression Inventory, and Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q).
resultsA history of eating disorders was reported by 35% FA and 12% FR. There were no between-group differences at T1, besides less mean (99% CI) fat mass (FM) of 3.1 kg (-0.4, 6.5) in FA (P = .02). At T2, FA had lower BW of 6.7 kg (-12.0, -1.3), fat mass of -9.0 kg (-12.5, -5.5), and resting heart rate of -8.0 beats per minute (-14.5, -1.5) compared to FR (P ≤ .006). FA reduced resting metabolic rate by -191 kcal (-11, -371) and increased symptoms of gastrointestinal dysfunction (GD) by 1.4 points (0.3, 2.5) and prevalence of amenorrhea from 8% to 24%, (P < .003). At T3, there was a between-group difference in fat mass, and a high number of FA with amenorrhea and GD.
conclusionManifestation of symptoms of RED-s, some with persistence one-month post-competition, raises concern for the health of FA and those complying with the fit body ideal.
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Registered trials
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