ArticleAnnals of neurology2019
T lymphocytes and cytotoxic astrocyte blebs correlate across autism brains.
Article in Annals of neurology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 81 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exosomes: New biomarker and therapeutic candidates in autism spectrum disorder research.Acta neuropsychiatrica · 2025Pooled it
- Activation of the Monocyte/Macrophage System and Abnormal Blood Levels of Lymphocyte Subpopulations in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- Association of Peripheral Blood Levels of Cytokines With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- Postmortem Studies of Neuroinflammation in Autism Spectrum Disorder: a Systematic Review.Molecular neurobiology · 2020Pooled it
- Trial
- ADAM10's combined influence on the diagnostic usefulness of IL 22, IL 10, IL-17 A, and IL-17D in autism spectrum disorders: Predicted role on gut leakiness as co-morbidity.Metabolic brain disease · 2026Article
- Living rent free in your head: resident memory T cells.ImmunoHorizons · 2026Review
- Altered phenotype and gene expression of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in children with Autism, and the relationship with comorbid gastrointestinal symptoms.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Changes in peripheral immune cell phenotypes and their roles in autism: insights from clinical and animal model studies.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
- Editorial: Severe mental illnesses in children: unravelling developmental trajectories, neuropsychiatric impairments, and chronic pain.Frontiers in child and adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
- Navigating dose-effect complexities and challenges in cannabinoid therapy for aging-related neurobiological changes.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Neuroinflammation and autism: what have we learned so far?International journal of developmental disabilities · 2026Article
- Altered Phenotype and Gene Expression of Regulatory T cells (Tregs) in Children with Autism, and the Relationship with Comorbid Gastrointestinal Symptoms.Research square · 2025Article
- Fingolimod Exerts Therapeutic Effects on Autistic Mice via Improving the Structure and Function of Meningeal Lymphatics.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2025Article
- Genetic and Pathogenic Overlaps Between Autism Spectrum Disorder and Alzheimer's Disease: Evolutionary Features and Opportunities for Drug Repurposing.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Neuroimmune and behavioral changes elicited by maternal immune activation in mice are ameliorated by early postnatal immune stimulation.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2025Article
- CHAS infers cell type-specific signatures in bulk brain histone acetylation studies of neurological and psychiatric disorders.Cell reports methods · 2025Article
- Crosstalk Between Mitochondrial DNA and Immune Response: Focus on Autism Spectrum Disorder.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Identification of immune cells and circulating inflammatory factors associated with neurodevelopmental disorders by bidirectional Mendelian randomization and mediation analysis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- PTEN mutations impair CSF dynamics and cortical networks by dysregulating periventricular neural progenitors.Nature neuroscience · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) affects 1 in 59 children, yet except for rare genetic causes, the etiology in most ASD remains unknown. In the ASD brain, inflammatory cytokine and transcript profiling shows increased expression of genes encoding mediators of the innate immune response. We evaluated postmortem brain tissue for adaptive immune cells and immune cell-mediated cytotoxic damage that could drive this innate immune response in the ASD brain.
methodsStandard neuropathology diagnostic methods including histology and immunohistochemistry were extended with automated image segmentation to quantify identified pathologic features in the postmortem brains.
resultsWe report multifocal perivascular lymphocytic cuffs contain increased numbers of lymphocytes in ~65% of ASD compared to control brains in males and females, across all ages, in most brain regions, and in white and gray matter, and leptomeninges. CD3
interpretationThe findings suggest dysregulated cellular immunity damages astrocytes at foci along the CSF-brain barrier in ASD. ANN NEUROL 2019;86:885-898.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.