ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2019
Electronic-cigarette smoke induces lung adenocarcinoma and bladder urothelial hyperplasia in mice.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 103 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
103 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 241 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Gastroesophageal disease risk and inhalational exposure a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2025Pooled it
- E-Cigarette Use and Adult Cigarette Smoking Cessation: A Meta-Analysis.American journal of public health · 2021Pooled it
- Comparison of e-Cigarette and Cigarette Use and Dual Use Associations With Disease: Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)Pooled it
- Aerosol, vapor, or chemicals? College student perceptions of harm from electronic cigarettes and support for a tobacco-free campus policy.Journal of American college health : J of ACHTrial
- From biomarkers to the risk index: a novel integrated model using multidimensional urinary biomarkers to quantify e-cigarette exposure.Archives of toxicology · 2026Article
- Article
- Impact of e-cigarette vaping on the immune system across the body.Physiological reviews · 2026Review
- Electronic cigarette use after smoking cessation and lung cancer risk.Nature medicine · 2026Article
- Vaping-related lung disease: a narrative review.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Review
- Tumour promotion through the lens of evolution.Nature · 2026Review
- Toxicity and Appeal of Flavoured E-Cigarettes and Flavour Ban Outcomes: A Narrative Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Review
- Review
- A timeless chronicle: Effects of cigarette smoke on GPR15 receptor and its oncogenic potential.Cancer letters · 2026Review
- Review
- Striking Surge in Lung Cancer Incidence in Children of Early Life.Journal of respiratory biology and translational medicine · 2026Article
- Multisystem Toxicity of E-Cigarettes in Preclinical and Clinical Studies: Pathophysiologic Effects of E-Cigarette Aerosol Exposures from Head to Toe.Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology · 2026Review
- Comparison of carcinogen biomarkers in electronic cigarette users versus conventional cigarette users in the development of urothelial cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Central European journal of urology · 2026Review
- Article
- Diverse Impact of E-Cigarette Aerosols on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Lung Alveolar Epithelial Cells (A549).International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
43 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Electronic-cigarettes (E-cigs) are marketed as a safe alternative to tobacco to deliver the stimulant nicotine, and their use is gaining in popularity, particularly among the younger population. We recently showed that mice exposed to short-term (12 wk) E-cig smoke (ECS) sustained extensive DNA damage in lungs, heart, and bladder mucosa and diminished DNA repair in lungs. Nicotine and its nitrosation product, nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone, cause the same deleterious effects in human lung epithelial and bladder urothelial cells. These findings raise the possibility that ECS is a lung and bladder carcinogen in addition to nicotine. Given the fact that E-cig use has become popular in the past decade, epidemiological data on the relationship between ECS and human cancer may not be known for a decade to come. In this study, the carcinogenicity of ECS was tested in mice. We found that mice exposed to ECS for 54 wk developed lung adenocarcinomas (9 of 40 mice, 22.5%) and bladder urothelial hyperplasia (23 of 40 mice, 57.5%). These lesions were extremely rare in mice exposed to vehicle control or filtered air. Current observations that ECS induces lung adenocarcinomas and bladder urothelial hyperplasia, combined with our previous findings that ECS induces DNA damage in the lungs and bladder and inhibits DNA repair in lung tissues, implicate ECS as a lung and potential bladder carcinogen in mice. While it is well established that tobacco smoke poses a huge threat to human health, whether ECS poses any threat to humans is not yet known and warrants careful investigation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.