ReviewThe Veterinary clinics of North America. Food animal practice2019
Mucosal Immune System of Cattle: All Immune Responses Begin Here.
Review in The Veterinary clinics of North America. Food animal practice, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed.
- Livestock immunomodulators as alternatives to antimicrobials - a roadmap for the fight against drug resistance.BMC veterinary research · 2026Review
- Assessing gut barrier integrity in ruminants: structural, functional, and immunological approaches.Animal frontiers : the review magazine of animal agriculture · 2026Article
- Transcriptomic and proteomic profiling of piroplasmosis resistance in Yunnan humped cattle.BMC genomics · 2026Article
- Bovine endometrial epithelial cells are able to internalize Escherichia coli in vitro.Veterinary research communications · 2026Article
- From Classical Bacterins to Recombinant Vaccines: Critical Aspects of the Immune Response in Ruminants.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Characterisation of the bacterial and archaeal microbiota in processed colostrum collected from a spring-calving dairy herd.PloS one · 2026Article
- Associations between subclinical bovine respiratory disease, growth patterns, and the nasal and fecal microbiota in dairy replacement heifers: a retrospective study.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Detection of anti-Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Microbial communities and tight junction protein expression in the gastrointestinal tract of feedlot cattle.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Induction of intestinal barrier dysfunction in dairy heifers: Evaluation of new serum inflammatory markers and method for quantifying intestinal hyperpermeability.JDS communications · 2025Article
- Beyond immunoglobulin G: Dissecting the role of colostrum in programming early immune function in calves.JDS communications · 2025Article
- Gastric Infusion of Short-Chain Fatty Acids Improves Health via Enhance Liver and Intestinal Immune Response and Antioxidant Capacity in Goats.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Review
- Characterisation of the bacterial and archaeal microbiota in fresh colostrum collected from a single, spring-calving dairy herd.PloS one · 2025Article
- Genome-wide association study of the antibody response toArchives animal breeding · 2025Article
- Association of liver abscess with demographic factors, gross pathology, and gastrointestinal histologic morphology in feedyard mortalities.Translational animal science · 2025Article
- Comparison and characterization of the bacterial microbiota and SIgA production in different gastrointestinal segments in horses.Veterinary research communications · 2024Article
- Local and systemic humoral immune responses to Histophilus somni recombinant antigens administered intranasally and subcutaneously to dairy calves.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Endotoxin-induced alterations of adipose tissue function: a pathway to bovine metabolic stress.Journal of animal science and biotechnology · 2024Review
- Ovarian sex steroid and epithelial control of immune responses in the uterus and oviduct: human and animal models†.Biology of reproduction · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This article discusses key concepts important for mucosal immunity. The mucosa is the largest immune organ of the body. The mucosal barrier (the tight junctions and the "kill zone") along with the mucosa epithelial cells maintaining an anti-inflammatory state are essential for the mucosal firewall. The microbiome (the microorganisms that are in the gastrointestinal, respiratory, and reproductive tract) is essential for immune development, homeostasis, immune response, and maximizing animal productivity. Mucosal vaccination provides an opportunity to protect animals from most infectious diseases because oral, gastrointestinal, respiratory, and reproductive mucosa are the main portals of entry for infectious disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.