ArticleMalaria journal2019
Analysis of Plasmodium falciparum Pfcrt and Pfmdr1 genes in parasite isolates from asymptomatic individuals in Southeast Nigeria 11 years after withdrawal of chloroquine.
Article in Malaria journal, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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22 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Incidence of kelch13 and Pfmdr1 gene mutations associated with antimalarial drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Pooled it
- Prevalence and associated risk factors of asymptomatic malaria in Nigeria: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Malaria journal · 2025Pooled it
- Rising of antimalarial drug resistance Pfmdr1 N86Y and Pfcrt K76T gene in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology · 2026Article
- Molecular Surveillance ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Haplotypes of Chloroquine Resistance Marker Genes Among Uncomplicated Malaria Cases in Lagos, Nigeria.Biochemical genetics · 2026Article
- Prevalence and distribution of Plasmodium falciparum multidrug resistant 1 D1246Y allele among children in Ibadan Southwest, Nigeria.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Sub-microscopic Plasmodium falciparum infections and multiple drug resistant single nucleotide polymorphic alleles in pregnant women from southwestern Nigeria.BMC research notes · 2024Article
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- Selective whole-genome sequencing ofmBio · 2024Article
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- Monitoring antimalarial drug-resistance markers in Somalia.Parasites, hosts and diseases · 2023Article
- Molecular Epidemiology of Drug Resistance Genes in Plasmodium falciparum Isolates Imported from Nigeria between 2016 and 2020: Continued Emergence of Fully ResistantMicrobiology spectrum · 2022Article
- High prevalence of Pfcrt 76T and Pfmdr1 N86 genotypes in malaria infected patients attending health facilities in East Shewa zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia.Malaria journal · 2022Article
- Temporal evolution of the resistance genotypes of Plasmodium falciparum in isolates from Equatorial Guinea during 20 years (1999 to 2019).Malaria journal · 2021Article
- Absence of Plasmodium falciparum artemisinin resistance gene mutations eleven years after the adoption of artemisinin-based combination therapy in Nigeria.Malaria journal · 2021Article
- Polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter (Pfcrt) and multidrug-resistant gene 1 (Pfmdr-1) in Nigerian children 10 years post-adoption of artemisinin-based combination treatments.International journal for parasitology · 2021Article
- Surveillance of Plasmodium falciparum pfcrt haplotypes in southwestern uganda by high-resolution melt analysis.Malaria journal · 2021Article
- Polymorphism Analysis ofDiseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Chloroquine and Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine Resistance in Sub-Saharan Africa-A Review.Frontiers in genetics · 2021Review
- Molecular detection of drug resistant polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Southwest, Nigeria.BMC research notes · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundA reversal of chloroquine (CQ) resistance following a period of withdrawal has raised the possibility of its re-introduction. This study evaluated the current prevalence of Pfcrt and Pfmdr1 alleles in Plasmodium falciparum isolates, 11 years after CQ withdrawal in Southeast Nigeria.
methodsFilter-paper blood samples were collected from 725 non-febrile individuals, comprising 250 children (≤ 12 years), 250 pregnant women and 225 other adults, between October 2014 and February 2015 in Nnewi town, Southeast Nigeria. Nested PCR followed by direct sequencing was employed for the genotyping of Pfcrt and Pfmdr1 genes.
resultsA total of 103 parasites-positive samples were recovered, comprising of 48 (19.20%) among children, 20 (20.00%) among pregnant women and 35 (15.50%) among other adults cohort. The frequency of the mutant genotype of Pfcrt 76T, 75E and 74I was 94.50% each. Parasite isolates from children had a frequency of 100% for mutant alleles in all Pfcrt codons while isolates from pregnant women and other adults had a frequency of 91% each in all codons. Haplotype distribution of pfcrt gene were 5.45, 0.00 and 76.37% for CVMNK, SVMNT and CVIET, respectively. For Pfmdr1 gene, the frequency of 86Y, 184F and 1246Y mutant alleles were 8.54, 29.27 and 3.66%, respectively. Amongst the Pfmdr1 haplotypes analysed, NFD had the highest frequency of 24.4%, followed by YFD at 6.10%. NYF and NYY occurred the least (1.20%).
conclusionThe high level of Pfcrt mutations is suggestive of a sustained CQ pressure on P. falciparum isolates in the study area, despite the change of first line treatment from CQ to artemisinin combination therapy for 11 years. A new strategy to ensure the complete withdrawal of CQ from the country is recommended.
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