ArticleToxins2019
Mycotoxin Occurrence in Maize Silage-A Neglected Risk for Bovine Gut Health?
Article in Toxins, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 82 citations in OpenAlex.
- Enniatin Mycotoxins in Food: A Systematic Review of Global Occurrence, Biosynthesis, and Toxicological Impacts on In Vitro Human Cell Models.Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety · 2025Pooled it
- Mycotoxin contamination in food and feed: Occurrence, co-occurrence, combined impacts on human and animal health, climate change implications, risk assessment, and mitigation strategies.Mycotoxin research · 2026Review
- Enniatins and Beauvericin as Emerging Mycotoxins in the Context of Climate Change in Europe.Toxins · 2026Review
- Health Problems with Mycotoxins in Cattle-A Review.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Occurrence of mycotoxins in pastures and conserved forages in the Southeast region of Brazil.Mycotoxin research · 2025Article
- Harnessing CRISPR-Cas9 for Lactobacillus improvement in silage production: current knowledge and future perspectives.Journal of animal science and biotechnology · 2025Review
- Hazard characterization of the mycotoxins enniatins and beauvericin to identify data gaps and improve risk assessment for human health.Archives of toxicology · 2025Review
- Distinct lactate utilization strategies drive niche differentiation between two co-existing Megasphaera species in the rumen microbiome.The ISME journal · 2025Article
- Article
- Eco-friendly one-step egg white gel preparation for sensitive detection of 13 trichothecenes in oats using UHPLC-MS/MS.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2024Article
- Article
- Exploring the Efficacy of UsingToxins · 2024Article
- A comparison between the role of enniatins and deoxynivalenol in Fusarium virulence on different tissues of common wheat.BMC plant biology · 2024Article
- Aflatoxin M1 decreases the expression of genes encoding tight junction proteins and influences the intestinal epithelial integrity.Mycotoxin research · 2023Article
- Co-occurrence of mycotoxins and other fungal metabolites in total mixed rations of cows from dairy farms in Punjab, Pakistan.Mycotoxin research · 2023Article
- Article
- Modified Mycotoxins and Multitoxin Contamination of Food and Feed as Major Analytical Challenges.Toxins · 2023Review
- Survey of the enniatins and beauvericin in raw and UHT cow's milk in Poland.Journal of veterinary research · 2023Article
- Review
- Use of polypyrrole ferrite microparticles and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for testing natural grass contamination by multiclass mycotoxins.Mikrochimica acta · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Forages are important components of dairy cattle rations but might harbor a plethora of mycotoxins. Ruminants are considered to be less susceptible to the adverse health effects of mycotoxins, mainly because the ruminal microflora degrades certain mycotoxins. Yet, impairment of the ruminal degradation capacity or high ruminal stability of toxins can entail that the intestinal epithelium is exposed to significant mycotoxin amounts. The aims of our study were to assess i) the mycotoxin occurrence in maize silage and ii) the cytotoxicity of relevant mycotoxins on bovine intestinal cells. In total, 158 maize silage samples were collected from European dairy cattle farms. LC-MS/MS-based analysis of 61 mycotoxins revealed the presence of emerging mycotoxins (e.g. emodin, culmorin, enniatin B1, enniatin B, and beauvericin) in more than 70% of samples. Among the regulated mycotoxins, deoxynivalenol and zearalenone were most frequently detected (67.7%). Overall, 87% of maize silages contained more than five mycotoxins. Using an in vitro model with calf small intestinal epithelial cells B, the cytotoxicity of deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fumonisin B1 and enniatin B was evaluated (0-200 µM). Absolute IC50 values varied in dependence of employed assay and were 1.2-3.6 µM, 0.8-1.0 µM, 8.6-18.3 µM, and 4.0-6.7 µM for deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fumonisin B1, and enniatin B, respectively. Results highlight the potential relevance of mycotoxins for bovine gut health, a previously neglected target in ruminants.
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Registered trials
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