ArticleNeuroImage2020
Characteristics of respiratory measures in young adults scanned at rest, including systematic changes and "missed" deep breaths.
Article in NeuroImage, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
- From Lung to Brain: Respiration Modulates Neural and Mental Activity.Neuroscience bulletin · 2023Pooled it
- Trial
- Calibration-Free Estimation of Cerebrovascular Reactivity From Resting-State BOLD fMRI Using Reconstructed Respiratory Fluctuations.Magnetic resonance in medicine · 2026Article
- Functional MRI signatures of autonomic physiology in aging.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Advancing shock prediction: leveraging prior knowledge and self-controlled data for enhanced model accuracy and generalizability.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2025Article
- The functional overlap between respiration and global signal and its behavioral relevance.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Functional MRI Signatures of Autonomic Physiology in Aging.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Machine learning-based estimation of respiratory fluctuations in a healthy adult population using resting state BOLD fMRI and head motion parameters.Magnetic resonance in medicine · 2025Article
- Variation in brain aging: A review and perspective on the utility of individualized approaches to the study of functional networks in aging.Neurobiology of aging · 2025Review
- Thought contents during rest account for functional connectivity-behavior associations.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Article
- Multimodal state-dependent connectivity analysis of arousal and autonomic centers in the brainstem and basal forebrain.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Use of physical exertion to enhance objective testing following mild traumatic brain injury: a systematic review.BMJ open sport & exercise medicine · 2025Article
- An Innovative EEG-Based Pain Identification and Quantification: A Pilot Study.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Attention to cardiac sensations enhances the heartbeat-evoked potential during exhalation.iScience · 2024Article
- When remediating one artifact results in another: control, confounders, and correction.History and philosophy of the life sciences · 2024Article
- Discovering individual fingerprints in resting-state functional connectivity using deep neural networks.Human brain mapping · 2024Article
- Detection of respiration-induced field modulations in fMRI: A concurrent and navigator-free approach.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2024Article
- Challenges in the measurement and interpretation of dynamic functional connectivity.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2024Article
- Comparing end-tidal CONeuroImage · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Breathing rate and depth influence the concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood, altering cerebral blood flow and thus functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signals. Such respiratory fluctuations can have substantial influence in studies of fMRI signal covariance in subjects at rest, the so-called "resting state functional connectivity" technique. If respiration is monitored during fMRI scanning, it is typically done using a belt about the subject's abdomen to record abdominal circumference. Several measures have been derived from these belt records, including the windowed envelope of the waveform (ENV), the windowed variance in the waveform (respiration variation, RV), and a measure of the amplitude of each breath divided by the cycle time of the breath (respiration volume per time, RVT). Any attempt to gauge respiratory contributions to fMRI signals requires a respiratory measure, but little is known about how these measures compare to each other, or how they perform beyond the small studies in which they were initially proposed. Here, we examine the properties of these measures in hundreds of healthy young adults scanned for an hour each at rest, a subset of the Human Connectome Project chosen for having high-quality physiological records. We find: 1) ENV, RV, and RVT are all correlated, and ENV and RV are more highly correlated to each other than to RVT; 2) respiratory events like deep breaths exhibit characteristic heart rate elevations, fMRI signal changes, head motions, and image quality abnormalities time-locked to large deflections in the belt traces; 3) all measures can "miss" deep breaths; 4) RVT "misses" deep breaths more than ENV or RV; 5) all respiratory measures change systematically over the course of a 14.4-min scan. We discuss the implications of these findings for the literature and ways to move forward in modeling respiratory influences on fMRI scans.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.