ArticleEuroIntervention : journal of EuroPCR in collaboration with the Working Group on Interventional Cardiology of the European Society of Cardiology2021
Sex-specific differences in coronary blood flow and flow velocity reserve in symptomatic patients with non-obstructive disease.
Article in EuroIntervention : journal of EuroPCR in collaboration with the Working Group on Interventional Cardiology of the European Society of Cardiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Prevalence of Coronary Microvascular Disease and Coronary Vasospasm in Patients With Nonobstructive Coronary Artery Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2022Pooled it
- Development and Validation of Artificial Intelligence Prediction of Epicardial Coronary Artery Spasm in Patients Without Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Coronary Flow Reserve in Adults: Pathophysiology, Assessment Modalities, Clinical Applications, and Prognostic Significance.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- Prediction of Coronary Artery Spasm in Patients Without Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease Using a Comprehensive Clinical, Laboratory and Echocardiographic Risk Score.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Ischemia with Non-Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease: Sex-Based Differences in Pathophysiology, Clinical Presentation, and Prognosis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Role of optical coherence tomography in clinical management of myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries.Journal of geriatric cardiology : JGC · 2024Article
- Vasodilator reactive oxygen species ameliorate perturbed myocardial oxygen delivery in exercising swine with multiple comorbidities.Basic research in cardiology · 2024Article
- Prognostic Implications of Resistive Reserve Ratio in Patients With Nonobstructive Coronary Artery Disease With Myocardial Bridging.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Article
- Cardiac Imaging in Women with Ischemic Heart Disease.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Coronary microvascular dysfunction is associated with impaired cognitive function: the Cerebral-Coronary Connection study (C3 study).European heart journal · 2023Observational
- Coronary microvascular dysfunction in heart failure patients.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2023Review
- Coronary Arterial Function and Disease in Women With No Obstructive Coronary Arteries.Circulation research · 2022Review
- Risk Stratification of Patients With NonObstructive Coronary Artery Disease Using Resistive Reserve Ratio.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2021Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimsReduced coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR) is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Whether CFVR and coronary blood flow (CBF) are similar in men and women with chest pain and non-obstructive CAD remains unknown. We hypothesised sex differences in CFVR and CBF. METHODS AND
resultsA total of 1,683 patients with signs/symptoms of ischaemia and angiographically unobstructed coronary arteries (<40% angiographic stenosis) underwent coronary vasomotion evaluation. CFVR was measured as hyperaemic/resting average velocity in the LAD. Mid-LAD diameter was measured with quantitative angiography and CBF calculated at rest (rCBF) and hyperaemia (hCBF). Resting microvascular resistance (rMR) was calculated as mean arterial pressure/rCBF. Of the total number of patients, 1,096 (65%) were women, median age 51 [42, 59] years. Compared to men, women had lower median CFVR (2.7 [2.4, 3.2] vs 3.1 [2.7, 3.6], p<0.001), higher rCBF (49.7 [34.0, 71.1] vs 45.9 [31.8, 68.7] ml/min, p=0.04), lower hCBF (139.5 [93.0, 195.2] vs 147.1 [95.7, 218.6] ml/min, p=0.02), but similar rMR (p=0.82). Female sex was an independent predictor of lower CFVR, higher rCBF, and lower hCBF.
conclusionsCompared to men, women with signs/symptoms of ischaemia and non-obstructive CAD have lower CFVR, higher rCBF, and lower hCBF. Female sex is a predictor of these sex-specific differences. The clinical diagnostic and prognostic implications of sex differences in coronary physiology need further evaluation.
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